244 
LII. COMPOSITE 
Ray-flowers lilac or purple. Disk-flowers yellow. 
Ray-flowers in 1 or 2 series . . . .10. Aster. 
Ray-flowers in more than 2 series . . .11. Erigeron. 
Ray-flowers white. Disk-flowers white. Heads solitary 48. Gerhera. 
* * Pappus of bristles or scales 
(sometimes none in Rhynchospermum and Spilanthes) 
Receptacle naked. Pappus of 3-8 bristles, sometimes 
none. Achenes beaked ..... 
Receptacle covered with broad, folded scales each 
enclosing several flowers. Pappus of 2-5 minute 
teeth ........ 
Receptacle covered with concave scales each partially 
enclosing a' single flower. 
Heads flat, J in. diam. ..... 
Heads conical, f in. long. Pappus sometimes 
wanting . . 
Receptacle covered with narrow, flat scales nearly as 
long as the flowers. Pappus of 2-3 stiff-barbed 
bristles . . . . . . . .31. Bidens. 1 
Receptacle covered with small, 3-toothed scales. 
Pappus of several fringed scales . . . .32. Galinsoga. 
9. Rhynchospermum . 
27. Eclipta. 
29. Blainvillea. 
30. Spilanthes. 
Pappus none (see also Rhynchospermum and Spilanthes ) 
Leaves ovate, lanceolate or triangular. 
Involucral bracts glandular .... 
Involucral bracts not glandular. 
Heads hemispheric. Ligules minute. Receptacle 
naked ....... 
Heads flat. Ligules broad. Receptacle scaly . 
Leaves pinnatisect ; segments linear 
26. Siegesheclcia . 
8. Myriactis. 
28. Sclerocarpus . 
33. Achillea. 
Ill, Ligulate heads 
* Pappus of simple hairs 
Achenes beaked. 
Beak of achenes dilated at the tip . . . 55. Lactuca. 
Beak of achenes not dilated at the tip. 
Heads corymbose. Stems leafy . . .51. Crepis . 2 
Heads solitary. Leaves all radical. . . 54. Taraxacum. 
Achenes not beaked. 
Receptacle hairy or bristly. 
Stems naked. Receptacle covered with long 
hairs ....... 52. Pterotheca . 
Stems leafy. Receptacle covered with short 
bristles ....... 53. Bieracium. 
Receptacle naked. 
Flowers purple or white . . . .56. Prenanthes. 
Flowers yellow. 
Juice white, milky. 
Stem-leaves none or few, small and stalked 51. Crepis. 3 
Stem-leaves numerous, large, stem-clasping 57. Sonchus. 
Juice yellow. Margins of leaves beset with 
minute, white teeth . . . .58. Launcea. 
1 Except B. tripartita , which has discoid heads. 2 Except C. japonica, 
which has achenes without beaks. 3 C. japonica only ; the others have 
beaked achenes. 
