LII. COMPOSITE 
245 
* * Pappus of feathery hairs 
Flowers yellow. 
Heads numerous, corymbose. Leaves sinuate-toothed 50. Picris. 
Heads solitary, terminal. Leaves entire . . . 59. Tragopogon . 
* * * Pappus of short, blunt scales 
Heads sessile. Flowers blue ..... 
49. G ichor ium. 
B, Compound heads 
Component heads, each containing a single flower. 
Heads terminal. Leaves prickly 
Heads axillary. Leaves not prickly 
Component heads, each containing about 12 flowers 
39. Echinops. 
20. Ccesulia. 
15. Sphceranthus. 
1. VERNONIA. In honour of W. Vernon, botanist and 
traveller in N. America in the seventeenth century. — Chiefly 
tropical regions ; abundant in America and Africa. 
Erect herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads discoid, corymbose. 
Involucral bracts in several series ; receptacle naked ; flowers 
tubular, all similar, purple ; pappus long, copious ; corolla-tube 
slender, 5-lobed : style-arms long, acute, hairy all round. Achenes 
pubescent. 
Outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner ; tips 
acute . . 1. V. cinerea. 
Outer involucral bracts longer than the inner ; tips 
dilated . . . . . . . . . 2. V. anthelmintica. 
1. Vernonia cinerea. Less. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 233. Pubescent ; 
stems 6-12 in., sometimes decumbent at the base, grooved. 
Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate or ovate, \-i\ in. ; teeth few, 
coarse. Heads numerous, J in. diam. Involucral bracts narrowly 
lanceolate, acute, outer ones smaller than the inner ; pappus 
white. Achenes in., terete. 
Simla ; August, September. — Throughout India, ascending to 8000 fti^r 
Tropical Asia, Africa, Australia. 
2. Vernonia anthelmintica, Willd. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 236. 
Stems robust, erect, 4-6 ft., glandular-pubescent near the top. 
Leaves rough, ovate -lanceolate, 3-5 in., coarsely toothed, long- 
pointed, narrowed into a short stalk. Heads J-f in. diam. In- 
volucral bracts narrowly oblong, tips dilated, outer bracts longer 
than the inner ; pappus tawny ; corollas often unequal. Achenes 
| in., ribbed. 
Valleys below Simla ; August. — Throughout India, ascending to 5000 ft. 
Afghanistan. 
Usually seen near villages. The seeds are used in native medicine. 
