LII. COMPOSITE 
257 
bent. Leaves usually crowded, linear, ^-1 x J in., acute or obtuse, 
shortly lobed at the base, margins sometimes recurved. Heads 
J in. dram., in dense, terminal corymbs. Involucral bracts broad, 
obtuse, erect in flower, spreading in fruit, outer ones often pale 
purple. 
Simla, common ; August, September. — Temperate Himalaya, 7000- 
10,000 ft. 
19. GNAPHALIUM. The Greek name of a woolly plant, 
probably G. germanicum, the Cudweed of Britain ; derived from 
gnaphalion, a lock of wool. — Temperate and subtropical regions. 
Erect, more or less softly woolly herbs. Leaves alternate, 
entire. Heads discoid, numerous, ^ in. diam., in irregularly 
globose clusters at the end of corymbose branches. Involucral 
bracts many, erect, scarious, shining, inner as long as the flowers, 
outer shorter ; receptacle flat, naked ; flowers bright yellow ; 
pappus scanty, hairs free at the base ; corolla of the outer 
flowers slender, 3-4-toothed, of the inner larger, 5-toothed. 
Achenes oblong, slender, rough. 
Leaves spathulate ; both surfaces woolly . . . 1 G. luteo-album . 
Leaves linear ; upper surface green, glabrous, lower woolly 2. G. hypoleucum. 
1. Gnaphalium luteo-album, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 288, 
under var. multiceps. Stems often tufted, 6-18 in., simple or 
branched. Leaves crowded or distant, sessile, basal lobes some- 
times decurrent, spathulate, l-3xJ-J in., both surfaces woolly ; 
uppermost leaves lanceolate, acute. 
Simla, common ; June- August. — Throughout India, ascending to 10,000 ft. 
— Most warm and temperate regions (Britain, Jersey Cudweed). 
Var. 2, pallidum, differs only in the heads being pale brown instead, of bright 
yellow ; it is common in the plains and may occur in the Sutlej valley. — In the 
British form of this species the heads are pale yellow. 
2. Gnaphalium hypoleucum, DC . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 288. 
Stems robust, 12-24 in., pubescent near the base, woolly on the 
upper parts, * usually much branched. Leaves sessile, linear, 
l|-2^ xl in., long pointed ; upper surface green and rough, lower 
white and woolly ; basal lobes blunt. 
Simla, common ; September, October. — Temperate Himalaya, 3000-7000 ft. 
— Nilghiris. — -E. Asia, N. Africa. 
20. CbESULIA. From the Latin ccesullce , having blue eyes ; 
referring to the flowers. — India. 
Caesulia axillaris, Boxb. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 291. A glabrous, 
erect herb, 6-12 in. Leaves alternate, sessile, dilated at the base, 
narrowly lanceolate, 2-4xJ-|in., long-pointed; teeth small’ 
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