268 
LII. COMPOSITE 
36. GYNURA. From the Greek gyne, a woman, and ouros , 
a tail ; referring to the long style-arms. — Warm regions of Asia, 
Africa and Australia. 
Gynura angulosa, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 334. A robust, 
succulent, glabrous herb ; stems erect, branched, 3-10 ft. Leaves 
alternate, sessile, lanceolate or oblong, 6-12 in. ; lower some- 
times 2 ft., irregularly toothed, long-pointed ; upper ones broadly 
lobed at the base. Heads discoid, |-| in. long, in terminal, 
bracteate corymbs. Involucral bracts 10-12, in one series, 
narrow, equal, margins scarious ; receptacle flat, naked ; flowers 
orange-yellow ; pappus white, copious ; corolla slender, 5-toothed ; 
style-arms very long. Achenes ribbed. 
Valleys below Simla, not common ; September, October. — Hilly districts 
throughout India, ascending to 7000 ft. 
37. EMILIA. Origin of name unknown. — India, tropical 
Africa. 
Emilia sonchifolia, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 336. An erect, 
glabrous herb, 10-24 in. Radical leaves spreading, usually 
stalked, more or less pinnatifid, 2-4 in. ; lobes entire or coarsely 
toothed, terminal lobe much the largest. Stem-leaves few, alter- 
nate, similar to the radical or lanceolate or ovate, 1-4 in., sessile 
or stalked, base often lobed, stem- clasping. Heads discoid, in. 
long, long-stalked, corymbose. Involucral bracts in one series, 
narrow, equal, edges often more or less united, reflexed in fruit ; 
receptacle flat, naked ; flowers purple ; pappus white, copious ; 
corolla slender, 5-toothed ; tips of style-arms minutely conical. 
Achenes 5-angled, angles bristly. 
Valleys below Simla ; August, September. — Throughout India, ascending to 
0000 ft. — Asia, Africa. 
38. SENECIO. From the Latin senex, an old man, referring 
to the white pappus. — Cold and temperate regions. 
Erect herbs, sometimes of a shrubby habit. Leaves alternate. 
Heads radiate (ligules sometimes inconspicuous), in corymbs or 
short racemes forming terminal panicles. Involucral bracts in 
one series, equal, narrow, erect, a few smaller ones at the base ; 
receptacle flat, naked ; flowers yellow ; pappus white, soft, 
copious ; ligules short or long, entire or toothed ; corolla of disk- 
flowers 5-toothed ; style-arms obtuse, tips minutely hairy. 
Achenes nearly cylindric, ribbed. 
The two following species are common on the Chor at about 11,000 ft. : 
S. amplexicaulis, Wall. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 348. Glabrous ; stems 2-5 ft., very 
thick. Leaves large, kidney- or halberd-shaped, regularly toothed ; stalks of the 
upper leaves with a broad, stem -sheathing wing. Heads many-flowered, 
crowded in racemes ; ligules very long. 
