270 
LII. COMPOSITE 
pubescent, ovate, 6-12 x4-6 in., long-pointed, cordate, irregularly 
sinuate-toothed, long-pointed ; stalks broadly winged. Heads 
slender, cylindric, shortly stalked, in. long, 4-6-flowered, in 
short racemes forming large, terminal panicles. Involucral bracts 
4-7, linear, obtuse, pubescent ; ray-flowers 1-2 ; ligules very 
short, entire, inconspicuous. 
Narkunda, common ; August, September. — Simla to Sikkim, 7000-9000 ft. 
5. Senecio rufinervis, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 355. Tall, 
shrub-like ; stems, branches and inflorescence tomentose. Leaves 
shortly stalked, ovate, 5-8 X2-4 in., long-pointed, sharply toothed ; 
lower surface white -tomentose except the red nerves. Heads 
numerous, slender, J in. long, 6-10-flowered, in small, rounded 
corymbs. Involucral bracts 5-8, much shorter than the flowers ; 
ray-flowers 2-5 ; ligules broad, conspicuous, minutely 3-toothed. 
Simla, Mahasu, common in forest ; August, September. Simla to Kumaon, 
6000-8000 ft. 
39. ECHINOPS. From the Greek echinos, a hedgehog, and 
opsis, appearance ; referring to the spinous involucral bracts. — 
Asia, Africa, S. Europe. 
Tall, erect, thistle-like herbs ; stems, branches and lower 
surface of leaves densely white-cottony. ■ Leaves alternate, 
pinnatifid, spiny. Heads compound, terminal, solitary, globose, 
l|-3 in. diam. ; component heads numerous, crowded, each con- 
taining a single pale blue or white flower. Involucral bracts in 
several series, outermost of coarse hairs or of narrow, spine-tipped 
bracts, intermediate of spathulate, spine-tipped bracts, one of the 
spines often prolonged beyond the flowers, innermost of united 
bracts enclosing the ovary and lower part of the corolla-tube ; 
pappus a ring of short bristles ; corolla tubular, deeply lobed. 
Achenes long, hairy, crowned with the pappus. 
E. echinatus, DC . ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 358, is common in the plains and may 
occur in the hills below 3000 ft. ; the leaves and outer involucral bracts resemble 
those of E. cornigerus, but the heads are only 1-1| in. diam., always white, and 
with several long, projecting spines. 
Several species of Echinops are in cultivation and are known as Globe 
Thistles. 
Outer involucral bracts numerous, soft, hair-like. Leaf- 
lobes broad 1. E. cornigerus. 
Outer involucral bracts few, spathulate, spine-tipped. Leaf- 
lobes linear . . . . . . . . 2. E. niveus. 
1. Echinops cornigerus, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 358. Leaves 
4-8 in., pinnately divided into broad, flat, lobed and toothed, spiny 
segments ; upper surface cobwebby. Heads 2|-3 in. diam., with 
or without projecting spines. Outer involucral bracts numerous, 
soft, coarse, hair-like, about § in. long. 
Simla, common ; August, September. — W. Himalaya, 6000-9000 ft. 
