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LII. COMPOSITE 
Tricholepis elongata, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 380. A rough, 
perennial herb ; stems erect, 2-5 ft., diverging in several long, 
straight branches nearly leafless towards the end. Leaves 
alternate, variable in shape and size, lanceolate or oblong, 
2-4 xf-2 in., and toothed, or ovate and pinnately lobed near the 
base, 4 X 1|- in., or pinnately divided throughout into long or short, 
entire or toothed lobes ; the different forms being sometimes seen 
on the same plant. Heads discoid, |-1 J in. diam., solitary at the 
end of branches. Involucral bracts many, erect, very narrow, with 
a long, recurved or twisted, needle- or hair-like point ; receptacle 
densely bristly ; flowers pale yellow ; pappus copious, rigid, 
minutely barbed, inner series nearly as long as the corolla, outer 
very short ; corolla-tube slender, 5-lobed. Achenes smooth. 
Simla, common ; August, September. — W. Himalaya, 4000-8000 ft. 
46. CARTHAMUS. Derived from the Arabic qurtom, to paint ; 
a red dye is obtained from the flowers. — S. Europe, W. Asia. 
Carthamus tinctorius, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 386. A glabrous, 
erect, thistle-like herb, 1^ ft. Leaves alternate, stiff, sessile, lanceo- 
late, lf-3 X|-l J in. ; teeth spinous. Heads discoid, |-1 in. diam., 
terminal. Involucral bracts many, spinous, erect, outer ones 
leaf -like, inner narrow ; receptacle flat, densely bristly ; flowers 
orange-red ; pappus none ; corolla-tube slender, deeply 5-lobed. 
Achenes glabrous, 4-angled. 
Cultivated throughout India for the dye obtained from the flowers and the 
oil from the seeds. Occasionally found as an escape near villages. June- 
September. — Native name Kusumbh. The Safflower or Bastard Saffron ; not 
known in a wild state. 
47. AINSLI7EA, In honour of Dr. Whitelaw Ainslie, author 
of * Materia Indica/ 1826. — Himalaya, China, Japan. 
Erect, perennial herbs of singular habit. Leaves alternate, 
chiefly radical. Heads discoid, sessile or nearly so, narrow, 
f-lj in. long, in clusters or spikes. Involucral bracts many, erect, 
glabrous, rigid, acute, inner ones long, outer shorter ; flowers 1-4, 
usually 3 in a head, white or tinged with pink ; pappus feathery ; 
corolla-tube slender, limb slightly 2-lipped, lobes 5, long, narrow, 
unequal. Achenes hairy. 
Leaf -stalks not winged. Heads in small clusters . .1. A. aptera. 
Leaf-stalks winged. Heads in spikes . . . 2. A. pteropoda. 
1. Ainslisea aptera, DC. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 388. In March and 
April the slender, leafless stems, 1-4 ft. high, bear numerous heads 
in small clusters ; after fruiting the stems decay and in most cases 
disappear. In June the rootstock produces several long-stalked, 
broadly triangular, ovate or orbicular leaves about 4x4-| in. 
