LIT. COMPOSITE 
280 
59. TRAGOPOGON. From the Greek tragos, a goat, and 
pogon, a beard ; referring to the long, coarse pappus. — Asia, W. 
Africa, Europe. 
Tragopogon gracile, Don ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 417. A glabrous 
or sometimes slightly cottony herb ; stems often tufted, 6-18 in., 
erect, simple or branched from near the base ; juice milky. 
Leaves alternate, narrow, entire, 3-8 in., acute, base stem-sheath- 
ing ; radical leaves sometimes as long as the stem. Heads ligulate, 
1-2 in. diam., solitary, terminal. Involucral bracts 5-8, ^-1^ in. 
long, in one series, green, acute ; receptacle flat, naked ; flowers 
yellow ; pappus in one series, feathery, united at the base, a 
few naked- tipped hairs usually projecting beyond the others ; 
ligules long, spreading, 5-toothed. Achenes slender, ribbed, 
minutely prickly on the upper half, tapering into a short beak. 
Simla, on grassy slopes, common ; May-October. — Temperate Himalaya, 
6000-10,000 ft. 
LIII. CAMPANULACE^E 
Erect or decumbent herbs. Leaves undivided, alternate or 
rarely opposite, toothed or crenate ; stipules none. Flowers 2- 
sexual, purple or blue, axillary or terminal, solitary or in panicles 
or racemes. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb free, 5-lobed, 
persistent. Corolla regular or irregular, usually persistent, 5-lobed ; 
lobes valvate in bud. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes 
and inserted with the corolla on the top of the ovary ; anthers 
united or free. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style linear, stigma when mature 
divided into 2-5 spreading lobes. Capsule 2- or 3-valved ; seeds 
many, minute. — All regions, but most abundant in temperate 
climates. 
Corolla irregular, 2-lipped. Anthers united . 
Corolla regular. Anthers free. 
Corolla lobed nearly to the base. 
Segments spreading, star-like 
Segments not spreading, bell- shaped 
Corolla lobed half-why down or less, bell-shaped 
1. Lobelia. 
2. Cephalostigma. 
3. Wahlenbergia. 
4. Campanula. 
1. LOBELIA. In honour of Mathias Lobel, a Flemish botanist 
of the sixteenth century. — Most tropical and temperate regions. 
Lobelia trialata, Buch.-Ham. ; FI. Br. Ind. iii. 425. Glabrous ; 
stems 4-12 in., nearly erect, branched, 3-sided, angles winged. 
Leaves sessile, ovate or lanceolate, J-l in., sharply toothed in the 
upper half, base wedge-shaped, entire. Flowers pale blue or 
white ; stalks 1 -flowered, slender, axillary. Calyx-teeth linear, 
acute. Corolla 2-lipped, ^ in. long, upper lip 2-parted, lower 
U 
