LXIV. GENTIANACEiE 
323 
nearly all over the world but chiefly in temperate and mountainous 
regions, some species ascending to the utmost limits of vegetation. 
Corolla- tube shorter than the lobes. 
Ovary 2- celled. Stigma entire. Corolla-lobes without 
glands or spurs ........ 
Ovary 1-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla-lobes glandular 
or spurred 
Corolla-lobes glandular near the base 
Corolla-lobes spurred at the base .... 
Corolla-tube longer than the lobes. 
Corolla 3-lobed ........ 
Corolla 5- or 4-lobed ....... 
1. Exacum. 
4. Swertia. 
5. Halenia. 
2. Canscora. 
3. Gentiana, 
1. EXACUM. Name of classical origin ; etymology obscure. 
— Asia, Africa. 
*Exacum tetragonum, Roxb. ; FI. Rr. Ind. iv. 95. Stems 
erect, 1-4 ft., 4-sided, branching. Leaves opposite, stem- clasping, 
broadly lanceolate, l^-5x-|-l-| in., acute. Flowers blue, 1J in. 
diam., in terminal panicles. Calyx deeply 4-lobed ; lobes ovate, 
keeled, long-pointed. Corolla-tube inflated, much shorter than 
the 4 ovate, acute lobes. Stamens 4, filaments short ; anthers 
narrowly oblong, opening by two terminal pores. Ovary 2-celled ; 
style long, stigma capitate, entire ; ovules numerous. Capsule 
globose. 
N. India, in grassy places, ascending to 5000 ft. ; July-September. 
2. CANSCORA. Adapted from Cansjancora, the native name 
of G. perfoliata, as given in Rheede, Hort. Mai. x. 103. — Asia, 
Australia, tropical Africa. 
Canscora decussata, Roem. Schult. ; FI. Br. Ind. iv. 104. 
Stems erect, 6-18 in., 4-sided, the angles winged. Leaves oppo- 
site, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 1 x| in. Flowers irregular, white, 
J in. diam., in forked cymes forming terminal panicles. Calyx 
tubular, inflated, 4-winged, 4-toothed. Corolla-tube as long as 
the calyx, cylindric, much longer than the 3 obtuse lobes, one of 
which is notched. Stamens 4, one perfect, the others smaller, 
imperfect ; filaments short. Ovary 1-celled ; style short, stigma 
2-lobed. Capsule oblong. 
Valleys below Simla ; August, September. — Throughout India, ascending to 
5000 ft. — Burmah, tropical Africa. 
Canscora diffusa, R. Br. ; FI. Br. Ind. iv. 103, is distinguished from the 
above by its pale pink flowers, and by the angles of the stem and calyx not 
being winged. It is common throughout India, and ascends in Kumaon to 
2000 ft. 
3. GENTIANA. The classical name of G. lutea ; etymology 
uncertain. — Chiefly temperate and mountainous regions of the 
N. Hemisphere ; a few species in southern latitudes. 
