LX VI. CONV OLVUL ACEA2 339 
4. PORANA. Supposed to be derived from the Javanese 
name of P. volubilis. — India, Malaya, Australia, N. America. 
*Porana panieulata, Roxb. ; FI. Br. Ind. iv. 222. A twining, 
softly tomentose shrub ; lateral branches often very long, 
drooping. Leaves stalked, ovate, 3-5 x 2-3 in., cordate, entire, 
long-pointed ; upper surface pubescent, lower tomentose. Flowers 
very numerous, small, white, in terminal, pendulous panicles. 
Calyx-segments oblong, unequal, 3 becoming membranous and 
greatly enlarged in fruit. Corolla funnel-shaped, J in. long ; tube 
short ; limb spreading, obscurely 5-lobed, folding at the angles. 
Stamens equal, attached near the top of the tube ; filaments 
short. Ovary 2-celled ; style thick, very short, stigma globose, 
2-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule hairy, J in,, diam. ; 
enlarged sepals § in. long ; seed one, glabrous. 
Throughout India, ascending to 3000 ft. — Burmah, Java. 
P. racemosa, Roxb. ; FI. Br. Ind. iv. 222, is of similar habit to the above 
but the flowers are in long racemes ; the deeply lobed corolla is nearly \ in. 
long ; the style is slender ; and all 5 sepals become membranous and enlarged 
in fruit. The species is common in the E. Himalaya from 2000 to 6000 ft. 
extending to Kumaon and perhaps further west. 
5. CUSCUTA. Etymology doubtful. — Widely dispersed in 
nearly all temperate and warm regions. 
Annual, parasitic, leafless herbs ; stems twining, thread-like, 
attached to the plants on which they grow by minute, adhesive 
disks. Flowers small, in clusters or racemes. Calyx coloured, 
shorter than the corolla. Corolla tubular ; lobes short, triangular. 
Stamens attached near the mouth of the tube which has 5 small, 
fringed scales at the base. Ovary 2-celled ; stigmas 2, sessile or 
terminal on short, diverging styles ; ovules 2 in each cell. 
Capsule globose, opening by a horizontal line near the base ; 
seeds 4. 
Corolla ^ in. long ; lobes reflexed. Stigmas sessile . . 1. C. refiexa. 
Corolla hardly in. long ; lobes erect. Styles nearly as long 
as the stigmas . . . . . . . 2. C. euro'pcea. 
1. Cuscuta refiexa, Roxb. ; FI. Br. Ind. iv. 225. Stems succu- 
lent, yellow, densely interlaced over small trees or shrubs. 
Flowers fragrant, waxy white, shortly stalked, crowded in 
numerous, small clusters or racemes. Corolla-tube in. long ; 
lobes reflexed. Stigmas sessile, diverging, acute. (Fig. 107.) 
Mushobra, Eagoo, Matiana ; July-October. — Throughout India, ascending 
to 6000 ft. — Malaya. 
*2. Cuscuta europsea, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. iv. 227. Stems pale 
yellow or pink. Flowers waxy white, often tinged with pink, 
sessile in numerous, small, globose clusters. Corolla-tube hardly 
