444 
XC. EUPHORBIACEiE 
leaves 1-2 ft. across, and panicled flowers, the sexes being on separate plants. 
Capsule about 1 in. long, prickly, containing three spotted seeds. 
The following species are recorded in the FI. Br. Ind. from the Simla 
region, but it is doubtful whether they occur : — - 
Cleistanthus eollinus, Benth. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 274. The locality rests 
on a MS. quotation by Wallich from Hamilton’s Herbarium ; the specimen is 
not at Kew. Brandis, For. FI. 450, and Gamble, Man. Ind. Tirnb. Trees, 358, 
both give Bundelkhand as the northern limit of this species. 
Antidesma Ghaesembilla, Gaertn. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 357. The locality rests 
on a specimen of Thomson’s ticketed ‘ Simla, foot of hills.’ This tree inhabits 
the plains. 
Male and female flowers contained in a calyx-like involucre 
Male and female flowers distinct. 
Trees or shrubs, small and herb -like in Phyllanthus. 
Stamens 2. Flowers on thick, erect spikes 
Stamens 3. 
Styles recurved, linear, deeply 2-branched . 
Styles united in an erect column 
Styles spreading, dilated in crescent-shaped, lobed 
stigmas . . . . ■ 
Stamens 4. 
Leaves alternate . . <• . 
Leaves opposite ...... 
Stamens 5. 
Flowers with petals. 
A tree. Flowers nearly sessile. Styles 2 
A shrub. Flowers long-stalked. Styles 3 
Flowers without petals, male with a rudimentary 
ovary of 3 linear, erect styles .... 
Stamens numerous. A tree ..... 
Herbs. Female flowers sessile in the axils of conspicuous 
bracts ........ 
1. Euphorbia. 
12. Sapium. 
6. Phyllanthus. 
7. Glochidion. 
9. Putranjiva. 
2. Sarcococca. 
3. Buxus. 
4. Bridelia. 
5. Andrachne. 
8. Flueggia. 
11. Mallotus. 
10. Acalypha. 
1. EUPHORBIA. The Greek name for certain species of the 
genus. — All regions except the very cold (Britain, Spurge). 
Herbs or shrubs, abounding in milky juice. Leaves alternate 
or opposite, undivided. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, cymose 
or umbellate. In the umbellate form the stem or branches termi- 
nate in a whorl of several leaves placed under a compound umbel 
of 5-9 primary rays, each ray ending in a whorl of 3 bracts and 
branching in 3 secondary rays, which sometimes again divide, 
bearing 2 bracts at the forks. Flowers small, both sexes contained 
in a cup-shaped, 4-5-toothed or lobed involucre, thus having the 
appearance of a single flower ; teeth or lobes almost concealed 
by 5 horizontal glands placed in their angles ; glands smooth, 
fleshy, usually yellow-green or purple, sometimes conspicuous 
from a petal-like border ; margins rounded and entire, or crescent- 
shaped with projecting horns. Male flowers numerous, each con- 
sisting of a single stalked stamen without any perianth, a joint 
marking the division between stalk and filament, with minute, 
linear, hairy scales interspersed among them : anther-cells globose. 
Female flowers : one placed in the centre of each involucre and 
