454 
XCI. URTXCACEiE 
XCI. URTICACE^ 
Trees, shrubs or herbs of various habit. Leaves stipulate, usually 
alternate and undivided, never pinnate. Flowers small, incon- 
spicuous, usually 1-sexual, in panicles, spikes, cymes or clusters, or 
sometimes crowded on a fleshy receptacle either open and saucer- 
like as in Lecanthus and Elatostemma or closed and flasklike as 
in Ficus. Corolla none. Male flowers : perianth usually 4-5-lobed 
or parted ; stamens as many as and opposite to the perianth- 
segments, rarely fewer, filaments free, sometimes corrugated and 
indexed in bud, suddenly straightening and scattering the pollen 
as the flower opens, anthers 2-celled ; rudimentary pistil small 
or none. Female flowers : perianth lobed or tubular, usually 
enclosing, rarely adnate to the one-celled ovary, often persistent ; 
style entire, 2 -branched, very short or absent ; stigma often 
resembling a sessile tuft of hairs. Fruit various ; seed 1. — A very 
large Order, chiefly tropical but more or less represented in nearly 
all regions. 
The flowers are mostly anemophilous, the pollen being conveyed from the 
male to the female flowers by the wind ; but the agency of insects appears to be 
indispensable in the fertilisation of the Figs, Ficus. 
The Hop, Humulus Lupulus, cultivated in Kashmir, &c., and the Jackfruit, 
Artocarpus integrifolia, and A. Lakoocha, sometimes seen in cultivation in the 
plains of the North West, belong to this Order. 
Trees or shrubs. 
Fruit the product of one flower. 
A samara ........ 
A drupe. 
Leaves smooth ...... 
Leaves rough ....... 
An achene enclosed in a dry perianth . 
Flowers in long spikes ..... 
Flowers in axillary clusters 1 . . 
Fruit the product of numerous flowers. 
A short, globose spike of numerous, succulent 
perianths. 
A head of numerous small drupes .... 
A closed, flasklike receptacle containing numerous, 
minute achenes ...... 
An open, flat receptacle with numerous, minute 
achenes partially immersed in it 
Herbs. 
Leaves alternate. 
Plants with stinging hairs ..... 
Plants without stinging hairs. 
Stigma of 2 linear branches 
Stigma resembling a tuft of hairs. 
Flowers on a saucerlike receptacle . 
Flowers in cymose clusters .... 
1. Ulmus. 
2. Geltis. 
3. Trema. 
12. Bcehmeria. 
13. Pouzolzia. 1 
5. Moms. 
15. Debregeasia. 
6. Ficus. 
14. Villebrunea. 
8. Girardinia. 
4. Cannabis. 
11. Elatostemma . 2 
16. Parietaria. 
1 P. viminea only ; the other species are herbs. 2 The ordinary leaves 
sometimes have a minute leaf opposite to them. 
