XCI. URTICACEJE 
457 
Leaves with, small and nearly uniform teeth. 
Style-arms glabrous or nearly so, short, free to the base » 1. M. alba. 
Style-arms hairy, long, united for about one quarter of 
their length . . . . . . . 2. M. indica. 
Leaves with large and very unequal teeth . . . . 3. M. serrata . 
1. Morus alba, Linn.; FI. Br. Ind. v. 492. A middle-sized 
tree. Leaves 2-3 in., acute, often cordate ; teeth small, nearly 
uniform ; stalk J— 1 in. Male and female flowers on the same tree. 
Female flowers : perianth-segments 4, glabrous or shortly fringed ; 
style-arms glabrous or nearly so, short, free to the base. Fruit 
white or red, sweet. 
Simla : cultivated throughout N. India, and up to 11,000 ft. in the Hima- 
laya ; March, April. — An introduced tree : believed to be wild in N. Asia and 
Afghanistan. 
2. Morus indica, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 492. A shrub or small 
tree. Leaves rough, 2-5 in., long-pointed, frequently deeply 
lobed, often cordate ; teeth small, nearly uniform ; stalk J-l J in. 
Female flowers : perianth-segments 4, with broad, white edges ; 
style-arms hairy, long, united for about one quarter of their length. 
Fruit black when ripe. 
Simla, usually below 5000 ft. ; February. — Temperate Himalaya, ascending 
to 7000 ft. 
Cultivated in Bengal and elsewhere for its leaves which are used as food for 
silkworms. Closely allied to M. alba and not easily distinguished from it. 
3. Morus serrata, Roxb. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 492. A tree, some- 
times 60 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate, 2-8 in., long-pointed, 
usually cordate ; teeth large and very unequal ; stalk 1-2 in. Male 
and female flowers usually on different trees. Female flowers : 
perianth-segments 3, rarely 2 or 4 ; style-arms long, very hairy, 
united near the base. Fruit purple. 
Simla, often planted near villages : April, May. — W. Himalaya, 4000- 
9000 ft. 
6. FICUS. The classical name of the Common Fig. — A very 
large genus mostly inhabiting tropical countries. 
Erect or climbing trees or shrubs ; juice milky. Leaves alter- 
nate, opposite in F. hispida, undivided, sometimes lobed in F. 
palmata. Flowers minute, crowded on the inner surface of a 
hollow, globose or ovoid receptacle, usually 3-bracteate at the 
base, and more or less completely closed at the mouth by 
numerous, overlapping scales ; receptacle or fig axillary or borne 
on special fruiting branches produced from the stem or boughs. 
Flowers often mixed with bracteoles, and, in the species here 
described, of three kinds, male, fertile female and imperfect, barren 
female or so-called gall-flowers. Male flowers usually placed 
near the mouth of the fig : perianth of 3-5 segments, free or 
