XCVII. CONIFERZE 
483 
1. CUPRESSUS. The classical name. — South-east Europe, 
temperate Asia and America. 
Cupressus torulosa, Don ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 645. A tree ; branches 
spreading, ends drooping ; general outline narrowly conical ; 
young foliage blue-green, becoming much darker with age. Leaves 
opposite, scale-like, triangular, ^ in., closely imbricate, margins 
white. Cones J in., terminal on branchlets, male and female on 
the same tree ; the stamens of the male bearing 3-4 globose 
anther-cells on the edge of the limb ; the few uppermost bracts of 
the female cones bearing 4-6 ovules at their base. Fruit a globose 
head J in. diam., consisting of woody, peltate scales tightly closed 
along their edges at first, opening when mature ; seeds numerous, 
small, winged. The sessile clustered fruits ripen in October and 
November of the year after flowering. 
Simla, road to Pumping Station, beyond the Tunnel, Shali, north side, at 
8000-9000 ft. ; January, February. — W. Himalaya, 5500-8000 ft. 
Deodar is the native name of this tree, which is sometimes planted in 
Simla gardens and the wood is burned as incense in Hindu temples. It is 
usually found on limestone, and is common near Chakrata and at Naini Tal. 
The Weeping Cypress, G. funebris, native of China, is occasionally planted 
in India. 
2. JUNIPERUS. The classical name. — Temperate and cold 
regions of the N. Hemisphere. 
Shrubs, usually decumbent and growing in patches. Leaves 
linear, in threes or pairs, spreading or erect, crowded, acute. Male 
and female cones on the same or on separate shrubs. Male cones 
numerous, ovoid, | in. : limb of stamens broadly triangular, 
pointed, bearing a single, 3-6-celled anther. Female cones 
minute, bud-like : lower bracts empty, the 3-6 uppermost each 
enclosing a single ovule. Fruit compound, berry-like, blue or 
blue-black and covered with bloom when ripe, formed by the few 
fertile bracts cohering and becoming fleshy as they mature, their 
tips usually remaining visible on the surface ; seeds minute, 
hard, embedded in the fleshy bracts of the fruit. 
Leaves J-f in., straight. Male cones axillary . . . 1. J. communis. 
Leaves J in., curved. Male cones terminal . . . 2. J. recur va. 
1. Juniperus communis, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. v. 646. A dense, 
diffuse shrub. Leaves J-f in., straight, spreading or erect, base 
narrowed, upper surface pale or white, concave, lower green, 
convex. Catkins axillary. Fruit globose, J-J in., very fleshy, 
ripening in August and September of the year after flowering ; 
seedsjisually 3. 
Huttoo ; March, April. — W. Himalaya. — N. temperate and sub-arctic 
regions and N. Africa. 
The Common Juniper of Europe. 
