CIV. LILlACEiE 
531 
Trillium Govanianum, Wall . ; FI. Br. Ind. vi. 36L A glabrous 
herb ; rootstock short, thick, creeping ; stems 6-10 in., erect, 
unbranched. Leaves 3, shortly stalked, broadly ovate, 1J-4JX 
1J-4 in., acute, arranged in a whorl at the summit of the stem 
with a solitary, stalked flower in the centre. Perianth lurid 
purple, persistent ; segments 6, distinct, narrowly lanceolate, j-1 
in., spreading in flower, reflexed in fruit. Stamens 6, attached to 
the base and erect, much shorter than the perianth ; anthers basi- 
fixed. Ovary 3-celled ; style purple, divided to the base in 3 long, 
linear arms ; ovules many in each cell. Berry globose, J-| in. 
diam. ; seeds numerous, ovoid, having a pulpy, lateral appendage. 
Narkunda, Hutto o ; May, June. — Temperate Himalaya, 8000-11,000 ft. 
18. PARIS. From the Latin par, equal, referring to the parts 
of P. quadrifolia being disposed symmetrically in fours. — 
Temperate Asia, Europe. 
Paris polyphylla, Smith ; FI. Br. Ind. vi. 362. A glabrous 
herb, curiously variable in the number and dimensions of its parts ; 
rootstock thick, creeping ; stems usually 12-18 in., erect, un- 
branched. Leaves 4-9, shortly stalked, lanceolate, 3-6 in., long- 
pointed, arranged in a whorl at the summit of the stem with a 
solitary, stalked flower in the centre. Perianth persistent ; seg- 
ments 8-12, in two dissimilar series, the outer green, leaf-like, 
1-4 in., the inner usually shorter, sometimes longer, yellow or 
yellow -green, linear. Stamens as many as the segments, attached 
to their base, erect, slightly overtopping the style-arms ; anthers 
narrow, longer than the filaments, basifixed. Ovary globose, im- 
perfectly 4-5-celled owing to the cell-divisions not meeting in 
the centre ; style divided almost to the base into 4-5 short, erect 
arms with curved tips ; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 
globose, yellow-brown when ripe, 1 in. diam., 4-5-valved ; seeds 
numerous, ovoid, scarlet. 
Simla, 6000 ft., in shady forest ; April, May. — Temperate Himalaya. — 
W. China. 
Closely allied to the British Herb Paris, P. quadrifolia. 
CV. COMMELINACEAE 
Succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided, entire, the bases 
sheathing, nerves parallel. Flowers small, 2 -sexual, usually 
slightly irregular. Perianth inferior, 6-parted, in two series 
clearly distinguishable as calyx and corolla ; the 3 outer segments 
or sepals green or membranous, free or United at the base, per- 
sistent ; the 3 inner or petals coloured, free or the claws united 
