578 
CXIII. GRAMINEiE 
Spikelets |-1 in., placed broadside to the rhachis. 
Empty glumes 2. Ovary hairy on the top. . . 52. Agropyron. 
Tribe X. Bambuseae. Shrub-like or arborescent. Stem-joints 
furnished with caducous sheaths. Leaves flat, the blade abruptly 
narrowed into a very short stalk. 
Spikelets spineless, 2- to many-flowered, in short 
racemes. Stamens 3 . . . . . .53. Arundinaria. 
Spikelets spinous, 2-3 -flowered, crowded in globose 
clusters. Stamens 6 . . . . . .54. Dendrocalamus. 
SERIES A. PANICACEiE. 
Tribe I. Paniceae. 
1. PASPALUM. From paspalos, one of the Greek names of 
Millet. — All warm regions. 
Annual or perennial ; stems erect or ascending. Leaves usually 
glabrous except the mouth of the sheath. Ligule short, truncate 
or jagged. Spikelets unequally stalked, in clusters of 2-4 on 
straight spikes digitately spreading from near the top of the stem 
or distributed at intervals along the rhachis, J in. or less, 1 -flowered 
or with a second rudimentary flower, flattened, jointed below the 
empty glumes. Glumes normally 4, often only 3 ; lowest minute 
or wanting ; second distinct, membranous, empty ; third mem- 
branous, usually empty, sometimes containing a rudimentary 
flower ; fourth thick, smooth, containing a 2-sexual, fertile flower. 
Pale nearly as long as the fourth glume. Stamens 3. Styles 2, 
free nearly to the base. Grain free within the hardened glume 
and pale. 
Spikelets AHr in. 
Margin of rhachis minutely toothed . . . . 1. P. sanguinale. 
Margin of rhachis entire . . . . . . 2. P. ambiguum. 
Spikelets less than - f v in. 
Stalks of spikelets smooth . . . . . .3. P.longiflorum. 
Stalks of spikelets rough . . . . . .4. P.Royleanum. 
1. Paspalum sanguinale, Lamk. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 13. Stems 
6 in. to 3 ft., erect or ascending from a decumbent, branched base, 
often rooting at the joints. Leaves 1-12 X^-^in., flat, glabrous 
or the sheath hairy. Spikes usually 4-8, sometimes more, 3-6 in., 
margins minutely toothed. Spikelets in. Lowest glume 
minute ; second about half the length of the third and fourth, 
which are nearly equal. (Eig. 185.) 
Simla. — Throughout India, ascending the Himalaya to 6000 ft. — All warm 
countries. 
Panicum sanguinale and Digitaria sanguinalis are synonyms. 
In the FI. Br. Ind. this species is divided into nine varieties, of which the 
following four occur or may be expected to occur at Simla : — 
Var. 1. eruciatum. Spikes 2-3 in. Spikelets glabrous, purple. Flowering 
glume suddenly narrowed at the tip into a short point. — Simla and below 
Kotgurh. 
