CXIII. GRAMINEiE 581 
Occasional in the plains, ascending to 6000 ft. and usually growing in wet 
places. — Temperate and subtropical Himalaya. 
3. PANICUM. The classical name. — A vast genus represented 
in all warm countries, but most abundant in the Tropics ; it 
includes most of the cultivated Millets. 
Annual or perennial ; stems erect or more or less decumbent, 
sometimes rooting at the lower joints. Leaves flat ; sheaths hairy 
at the mouth and often along the margins. Ligule none or a ring 
of hairs. Spikelets ovoid, in., 2-flowered, stalked or sessile, 
jointed below the empty glumes, more or less crowded on straight 
spikes distributed along the rhachis or combined in a panicle. 
Glumes 4 ; 2 lower membranous, empty, lowest small but always 
obvious, the next longer ; third membranous, nearly equal to the 
fourth, containing a male or a rudimentary flower ; fourth of firmer 
texture containing a 2-sexual, fertile flower. Stamens 3. Styles 2, 
free nearly to the base. Grain free, enclosed within the shining, 
hardened glume and pale. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Spikelets nearly or quite sessile. 
Spikes alternate on the rhachis 
Spikes crowded in a panicle. 
Stems 6-18 in. Annual 
Stems 2-6 ft. Perennial 
Spikelets long-stalked .... 
Spikelets hairy. 
Spikelets in clusters of three. Leaves long. 
Spikelets awned . . 
Spikelets awnless. Leaves i in. broad . 
Spikelets alternate. Leaves short, 1-2 in. 
1. P.flavidum . 
6. P. plicatum. 
7. P. rhachitrichum. 
5. P. psilopodium. 
2. P. Crus-galli. 
3. P. colonum. 
4. P. villosum. 
*1. Panicum flavidum, Betz. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 28. Annual ; 
stems branching from near the base, 1-2 ft., erect, leafy. Leaves 
glabrous except near the top of the sheath, 3-5 x in. Spikelets 
glabrous, sessile, crowded in 2 rows on several erect spikes |--1 in. 
long, alternate on the rhachis. Lower empty glume half the length 
of the upper ; uppermost glume minutely dotted, abruptly pointed. 
Common in watery places on the plains throughout India, ascending to 
5000 ft. — Tropical Asia and Africa. 
2. Panicum Crus-galli, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 30. Annual ; 
stems 2-3 ft., ascending from a decumbent base. Leaves long, 
^-1 in. broad, glabrous or hairy. Spikelets about ~ in., excluding 
the awns, minutely bristly, in clusters of 3, one nearly sessile, the 
other two unequally stalked, crowded on the numerous branches 
of a close, erect, narrow panicle ; branches -|-4 in. Lower empty 
glume broad, about one third the length of the shortly awned, 
upper one. Lower flowering glume long-awned, awns very vari- 
able in length. 
