CXIII. GrRAMINEiE 
595 
flower and more or less enveloped in a basal tuft of silky hairs. 
Empty glumes 3 ; two lower nearly equal, concave, pointed, 
opaque towards the base ; uppermost flat, lanceolate, transparent. 
Flowering glume 1, smaller than the others, transparent, awned. 
Stamens 3. Styles 2, distinct, purple-fringed. Grain oblong, free 
within the persistent glumes. 
Basal hairs three or four times as long as the spikelet . . 2. E. fulvus. 
Basal hairs only slightly longer than the spikelet, sometimes 
shorter. 
Panicle 1-3 ft. Awn less than twice as long as the 
spikelet . . . . . . . . . 1. E. Ravennce. 
Panicle 6-8 in. Awn three to five times as long as the 
spikelet . . . . . . . . .3 . E. filifolius. 
* 1. Erianthus Ravennae, Beauv. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 121. Stems 
6-10 ft., glabrous. Leaves 2-3 ft., by 1-1 1 in., rough, hairy near 
the base. Panicle 1-3 ft., grey-white or purple. Spikelets about 
^ in. ; basal hairs hardly longer, sometimes shorter. Awn very 
slender, usually less than twice as long as the spikelet. 
Kashmir to Kumaon, 6000-9000 ft. — Plains of N. India. — W. Asia, S. 
Europe. 
2. Erianthus fulvus, Nees ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 123. Stems 
6-8 ft., silky hairs just below the panicle. Leaves 2-3 ft., by 
J-l in., slightly rough ; margins of sheath hairy. Panicle 8-18 in., 
grey -white or tinged with purple. Spikelets about ~ in. ; basal 
hairs three or four times as long, white, dense, concealing the 
spikelets. Awn about four times as long as the spikelet. 
Simla. — Temperate Himalaya, 5000-7000 ft. 
3. Erianthus filifolius, Nees ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 123. Stems 
2-3 ft., downy just below the panicle. Leaves 8-12 in., very 
narrow, tip hair-like ; sheath glabrous. Panicle 6-8 in., red- 
purple. Spikelets about | in. ; basal hairs hardly longer, some- 
times shorter. Awn three to five times as long as the spikelet. 
Simla. — Temperate Himalaya, 5000-8000 ft. 
14. ISCHifEMUM. From the Greek ischo, to hinder, stop, 
and haima, blood, perhaps referring to its reputed styptic 
qualities. — Chieffy tropical regions. 
Annual or perennial ; stems erect. Leaves long, usually 
narrow. Spikelets arranged on one to several, simple, jointed, 
spike -like branches erect or spreading from near the top of the 
stem, awned, each with a tuft of short hairs at its base, narrowly 
ovoid, J-J in., 2-flowered, in pairs, one sessile, the other stalked, 
similar and fertile or both flowers of the stalked spikelet some- 
times male. Empty glumes 2, nearly equal, opaque at least 
towards the base ; upper sometimes shortly awned. Flowering 
glumes 2 ; in both spikelets the lower transparent and containing 
