CXIII. GRAMINEiE 
599 
2, nearly equal ; flowering glume smaller, awnless, containing a 
male flower. Stamens 3. Styles 2, long, distinct, fringed. Grain 
oblong, free within the hardened, persistent, outer glumes. 
Simla, Mahasu. — Common throughout India, ascending to 7000 ft. 
This species constitutes a large portion of the undergrowth on forest lands. 
In hedges and bushes it often assumes a climbing habit. 
18. ROTTBOELLIA. In honour of G. F. Rottboell, a Danish 
botanist and author, who died in 1797. — Temperate and tropical 
regions. 
Annual or perennial ; stems erect, usually tall and robust, 
leafy, filled with pith. Leaves flat, roughly hairy, narrowly 
lanceolate, finely pointed, margins minutely prickly. Ligule very 
short, fringed. Spikelets awnless, in pairs, one sessile, the other 
stalked, appressed against or partially sunk in the rhachis of 
several, rarely only one, cylindric, jointed spikes digitately 
spreading from near the top of the stems. Spikes readily break- 
ing up into joints which are flattened or excavated on one side for 
the reception of the spikelets. Sessile spikelet : empty glumes 2, 
hard and stiff ; flowering glumes 2, thin, transparent, the lower 
containing a male, the upper a 2 -sexual flower. Stalked spikelet 
rather smaller, 2-flowered or sometimes containing only a male or 
a rudimentary flower ; stalk flattened. Stamens 3. Styles long, 
free, fringed. Grain oblong, free within the persistent glumes. 
Joints of spike flattened on one side, shorter than the spikelets 1. R. speciosa. 
Joints of spike excavated on one side, longer than the spikelets 2. R. exaltata. 
1. Rottboeilia speciosa, Hack. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 152. Per- 
ennial ; stems 1-4 ft. Leaves 6-12 X J-J in. Spikes 2-8 in a 
cluster, rarely solitary, 3-7 in., pale green or tinged with purple ; 
joints flattened on one side, shorter than the spikelets. Sessile 
spikelet | in. Both spikelets usually 2-flowered. 
Simla. — W. Himalaya, 5000-9000 ft. 
* 2. Rottboeilia exaltata, Linn. f. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 156. 
Annual ; stems 4-10 ft. Leaves 6-24 X J-l in. Spikes 2-4 in a 
cluster, sometimes only one, terete, narrowed upwards, 3-6 in., 
pale green ; joints excavated on one side, rather longer than the 
spikelets . Sessile spikelet J- in . Stalked spikelet rarely 2-flowered , 
often containing only a male or a rudimentary flower. 
Throughout India, ascending to 7000 ft. in Garhwal. — China, Australia, 
Africa. 
19. ANDROPOGON. From the Greek ancr, andros, a man, 
and pogon, a beard, referring to the hairy spikes. — Chiefly tropical 
regions. 
Usually perennial ; rootstock often aromatic ; stems tufted, 
often tall, erect or decumbent near the base. Leaves flat, long, 
