CXIII. GrRAMINEiE 
629 
with jmrple, glabrous, J-J in., 3-8-flowered (uppermost flower 
often male or rudimentary), on the roughly pubescent, ultimately 
spreading branches of a pyramidal or narrow, erect panicle. 
Rhachilla not prolonged. Glumes thin, membranous. Empty 
glumes 2, narrowly lanceolate, keeled, acute, shorter than the 
lowest flowering glume, the lower the shorter, in F. Myuros rudi- 
mentary. Flowering glumes stiff, concave, oblong-lanceolate, 
margins scarious, tip not notched ; awn terminal, rough. Stamens 
3, sometimes 1 or 2 in F. Myuros. Ovary glabrous or slightly 
hairy on the top ; styles 2, distinct, very short, feathery. Grain 
narrowly oblong, grooved, enclosed within the persistent glumes, 
free or adherent to the pale. 
Spikelets awned. 
panicle pyramidal. Lower empty glume about half the 
length of the upper. 
Leaves T 2 n in. broad. Stem- joints 1 or 2. Awn shorter 
than the flowering glume . . . . 1 . F. kashmir iana. 
Leaves | in. broad. Stem- joints 3-5. Awn longer 
than the flowering glume . . . . . 2. F. gigantea. 
Panicle narrow. Lower empty glume reduced to a 
minute rudiment . . . . . . 4. F. Myuros. 
Spikelets awnless. Panicle pyramidal, very loose and 
open . . . . . . . . . 3. F. modesta. 
1. Festuca kashmiriana, Stapf ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 351. Per- 
ennial ; stems 1-3 ft. ; joints only 1 or 2, the uppermost below the 
middle of the stem. Leaves 4-12 in., about ^ in. broad, margins 
often inrolled. Panicle pyramidal, 6-12 in. ; lower branches long. 
Spikelets green or tinged with purple, J-J in., 3-5 -flowered. 
Lower empty glume about half the length of the upper. Flowering 
glumes prominently 5-nerved ; awn straight, rather shorter than 
the glume. Ovary hairy on the top. Grain slightly adherent to 
the pale. 
Simla, Mahasu, common. — Temperate Himalaya, 7000-14,000 ft. 
Closely allied to and resembling the British F. ovina var. duriuscula. 
F. rubra, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 352, differs only in the awn being some- 
what shorter, and the ovary glabrous or minutely hairy. It occurs at Simla. 
2. Festuca gigantea, Vill. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 353. Perennial ; 
stems 2-4 ft. ; joints 3-5. Leaves flat, 6-12 in., in. broad, 
base stem-clasping. Panicle pyramidal, 6-16 in., very loose, 
nodding ; branches long, undivided to near the middle. Spikelets 
pale green, few, crowded towards the end of the branches, about 
i in., 2-3-flowered, the uppermost flower often reduced to a long- 
awned rudiment. Lower empty glume about half the length of 
the upper. Flowering glumes faintly 5-nerved ; awn longer than 
the glume, slender, often bending. Ovary glabrous. Grain 
closely adherent to the pale. 
Simla, Jako, Mahasu. — W. Himalaya, 5000-9000 ft. — N. Asia, Europe, 
including Britain. 
