630 
CXILI. GRAMINEiE 
*3. Festuca modesta, Steud . ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 354. Perennial ; 
stems robust, 4-5 ft. ; joints 2 or 3. Leaves flat, the lower ones 
up to 2 ft., by J-f in., the upper 4-6 in., by about | in. Panicle 
pyramidal or ovate, 6-12 in., loose, open ; lower branches often 
8 in. long. Spikelets green, about 4 in., 3-4-flowered. Empty 
glumes nearly equal. Flowering glumes 5-7 -nerved, acute, not 
awned. Ovary hairy on the top. Grain free. 
W. Himalaya, 7000-9000 ft. 
4. Festuca Myuros, Linn. ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 356. Annual ; 
stems slender, 6-18 in. Leaves J-2 in., very narrow ; sheath of 
the uppermost dilated, often enclosing the base of the panicle. 
Panicle narrow, one-sided, 4-10 in. ; branches short. Spikelets 
pale green, narrow, about ^ in., 5-8 -flowered, crowded. Lower 
empty glume reduced to a minute rudiment. Awn of flowering 
glume about half as long again as the' glume. Stamens 1-3. 
Ovary glabrous. Grain adherent to the pale. 
Simla. — W. Himalaya, 5000-9000 ft. — N. Asia, Europe*, including Britain. 
49. BROMUS. From bromos, the Greek name for the Wild 
Oat. — Temperate and cold regions. 
Annual or perennial ; stems erect. Leaves hairy, narrow, 
flat. Ligule membranous, short. Spikelets awned, green, oblong, 
flattened, J-1J in., 7-1 4-flower^ed (uppermost flower male or rudi- 
mentary), on the rough, more or less drooping branches of a 
panicle ; branches in clusters of 2-5, rarely solitary, naked for 
about half their length. Tthachilla not prolonged. Glumes stiff, 
margins and tip scarious. Empty glumes 2, nearly opposite, 
lanceolate, shorter than the lowest flowering glume, the outer one 
the shorter. Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, nearly eylindric, 
tip notched, a straight, stiff, rough awn in the cleft. Stamens 3. 
Styles 2, lateral, inserted below the top of the hairy ovary, 
feathery. Grain nearly as long as the pale, narrow, keeled, 
usually free. 
Stems 2-6 ft. Lower empty glume 1 -nerved ; upper 3 -nerved . 1. B. asper. 
Stems 1-2 ft. Lower empty glume 3-nerved ; upper 7-nerved . 2. B. patulus. 
1. Bromus asper, Murray ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 358. Perennial ; 
stems smooth, 2-6 ft. Leaves and sheaths hairy, 1-1^ ft., by 
in. broad ; margins rough. Panicle pyramidal, 4-12 in. ; 
branches drooping. Spikelets J~1J in., 7-10-flowered. Glumes 
hairy. Lower empty glume 1 -nerved, upper 3-nerved. Flowering 
glume 5-nerved ; awn from half the length to as long as the glume. 
Simla, Mahasu. — Temperate Himalaya, 6000-11,000 ft. — W. Asia, N. Africa, 
Europe, including Britain. 
2. Bromus patulus, Mart. & Koch ; FI. Br. Ind. vii. 361. 
Annual ; stems smooth, 1-2 ft., sometimes decumbent near the 
