14 BROOKLYN MUSEUM SCIENCE BULLETIN 3. I. 
According to Mr. H. W. Fowler, the New Jer.se\ fishermen call the 
dusk_\- shark the "Santiago," from the imi)ression that the cannonading 
during the vS]ianish-American War had forced the sj^ecies to retreat from 
the TrojMcs to our quieter coast. Bean states that the name " Spanish 
shark" is used on Long Island for Cair/iai ias fainiis. We sus])ect. 
however, that it is rather a fish of the genus Carcliarhiuus to which this 
name is usuallx' a])])lied, and we believe that such terms as both 
" vSantiago " and " Si)anish " are to be explained not ujion the basis of 
events so recent and si)ecific as the war of iSgS, but in a general wa}-, as 
follows : English maritime develo])ment and commerce su]>erseding that 
<jf Sj^ain, English i)eoples have for many years come into contact with 
new, more or less southern facts, associated with the Si)aniards and the 
old vSpanish domination of the Tro]iics. Therefore the adjective vS]ianish 
has often been loosely a])plied. with a meaning of strange and southern 
rather than that of its national significance. In this .sense are Si:)anish 
oak, .Sjianish moss, Sj^ianish curlew, .S])anish fever. There are numerous 
fishes, allied to well known, familiar s]:)ecies, that are differentiated as 
"S])anish." Perhai)s the best examj^le is the Spanish mackerel (Scomtny 
(o/ias in England and in early New England. Scoiiibtioiiion<s ii/acii/atiis in 
the middle Atlantic states and of late on all our .seaboard). Another is 
the Spanish bream of Great Britain. There is still a tendenc\- among 
fishermen to designate as " Sjianish " an}- unfamiliar species, especiallv 
if they sus])ect it to be of southern origin. 
The dusky shark, however, is not correctlx' to be a.ssociated with 
the vS]ianish main or Spanish lands, its known latitudinal range extending 
onl\ from Nahant to the coast of North Carolina. 
6. BROWN SHARK 
Cair/ia)/ii)ius niilberti ( Miiller c<: Henle ) 
Jordan and Evermann, p. 37. 
(Tannan, p. 133. 
First dorsal fin much larger than the second dorsal and opposite space between 
pectoral and ventral fins, nearer to the pectorals. The dorsal high and rather 
pointed, its anterior margin contained a little over 6 times in the total length (in- 
cluding caudal). Body moderately robu.st. .Snout moderate, bluntly pointed. Angle 
of the mouth without a well marked groove extending along one or both jaws. 
Teeth finelv serrate ; the upper broad, triangular, inclined slightly outward, with a 
concave outer margin, the concavity a broad-angled notch with its apex near the 
base of the tooth. Lower teeth narrow, erect, on broad bases. Color l)r()\\iiish gray 
above, whitish below. Length usually 6 or 7 feet. 
