26 BROOKLYN INSTITUTE MUSEUM. SCIENCE BULLETIN 2. 3- 
ARTIFICIAL Kiev 
a. Discs on ends of toes The tree frogs. 
/). Toe discs large. 
r. Skin smooth ; color brown //r/if pli/;(_-riii<;i. 
('. Skin granular ; color gray //via rrrsico'cr. 
b' . Toe discs small ; toes webbed Icris .<,■;- !■///(.< cirpilaiis. 
a' . No discs on ends of toes. 
</. Parotoids (glandular l)0(lies behind ears) 
present The toads. 
<•. Pupil of eye horizontal Iliifo fowlcri . 
e' . Pupil of eye vertical Scaphiofyiis holbrooki. 
d' . Parotoids absent The frogs, 
f. Back distinctly spotted. 
»■. lender parts entirely white h'miii fiiftiiiis. 
!{'. Hinder under parts yellow k'aini />a/iis/ns. 
/'. Back not distinctly .spotted. 
/;. Ear smaller than eye A'aiia svli'a/iia. 
h' . Ear as large as or larger than eye. 
/. A prominent ridge on each side of 
back k'aiia liaiiii/aiis. 
i'. No ridge on back k'aiia ca/cshiaiia. 
I. COMMON TOAD 
Bitfo foa'Ifii Putnam 
Length of body 6.30 to 7.61) centinieler^ (:;.=;'■ to 3 inches 1. Bodv stout, back 
roxered with small warts. Parotoid gUui.ls liL-limd the eyes long and prominent. 
Prevailing color above, .gray with irre.gular lilack spots, sometimes dark brown or 
black, rarely reddish. Under parts white and unspotted. Throat of male black. 
Every Long Islander knows the common hop])y-toad, although the 
dictionaries do not recognize the animal b\- that name. But, on the 
other hand, no native Long Lslander would recognize a toad from the 
dcfniitiiin gi\-en in the Standard Dictinnarv, "An arciferou.s, taille.ss 
amiihiliian, es|)ecially a bufonid." 
the evening of .\])ril js, lyii, the toads in the south part of Patchogue, 
L. L, suddenly a] i] .eared after their winter's sleep, and great numbers of 
tliem were seen hc>]i|iing across a .stretch of dry .•^alt meadow toward 
s.)mL' <i]ien ]ii)ol-,. In the nKirnini^ no toads cnuld be seen (in the meadow, 
but tlle p.H.ls were lull ..t theUL while numbers ,,f disembcweled bodies 
Ivin- .m the mead.nvs showed where the night owls had taken toll from 
