murphy: penguins of south oeoroia. 113 
sexual diflference in the color of the shield is not borne out b>- niy 
observations, nor b\- my sjieciniens, in whicli the bills of mature females 
are quite as richly colored as those of riiales. In one adult male. No. 
1801, Feb. I, 1913, the shields are flaking off. 
The color of the reticulated iris is raw umber. The pupil is sqiiair 
when contracted ; when dilated it takes a polygonal ,shape, like an ' ' iris ' ' 
(liaphragm of a photoo;ra])hic lens. In life, the prominent nictitating 
memlirane is frequently drawn over the e\e. 
The auricular-patches of mature birds are cadmium yellow ; at the 
front of the neck, where the branches are confluent, the color becomes 
orange. The posterior edge of the patch, where it joins the bluish tone 
of the hind neck, is distinctly green, the blending of the yellow and 
blue jiroducing a solid color on the individual feathers. The concealed 
portions of the yellow feathers of the earqiatches are white ; tho.se of the 
feathers on back and breast, grayi,sh. The feather-shafts are character- 
istically flattened and curved, with a width as great as 2 mm. Because 
of their external convexity they exert a spring-force against the body 
and function as shingles over the downy aftershafts. The feathers are 
placed equidistant from one another, forming regular, tran.sverse and 
diagonal rows over the whole skin. One, or more often two, filoplumes 
spring from about the base of each feather. The aftershafts are single, 
but in the form of complex tufts. The>- are attached at the ba.se of the 
inner surface of the flattened quills, b\ which the\' are matted snuglv 
again.st the body. 
The large eggs of the king penguin are subpxriform, and of a pale 
olive-green color. An egg taken from the oviduct of a dead l)ird is pure 
white. Soon after being depo.sited, hinve\-er, the eggs become .so 
l)lastered with nuul that the original color of the shell is indi.stinguish- 
able. Measurements in millimeters of six specimens are : loS x 77, 
98 X 74, 96 X 75, loS x 76, loi X 7(1, 107 x 75. 
Pygoscelis papua (For.steri. 
Pyooscflis paf>iia Cat. I!. lirit. Mus., XXVI, p. 6;,i. 
This species, the " gentoo " of the Falkland Islands, is known to 
English-speaking seafarers as the "johnnx" penguin. We saw the 
first exam])les on the southward voyage in latitude 43° 18' S., longitude 
41° 10' W., on Xo\-ember 15, 1912. Cold westerly winds had rai.sed a 
hea\->' swell on this da>', and just l)efore nightfall penguins liegan to pass 
