124 HKoOKLYX IXSTITl'TK JITSICUM. SCIENCE BULLETIN' 2. 5- 
I saw nothing to indicate that the JMlniii\ peiv^uins* share the social 
pujiiiacit}- of /y-^vsu/is cuhii.r. The> wmikl. indeed, sometimes fight 
boldl\- enough in defense of their young, as I have related. They would 
also protect themselves, with many loud outcries, from the attacks of our 
ship's fox terrier. Through hard experience the johnnies at the Bay of 
Isles learned to ward off the di_)g In- huddling liack to back in a sort of 
Macedonian jihalanx, striking outward with quick wings at whatever 
point it attacked. But the nearest approach to a fight between two of 
the penguins that came to m\" notice wa.s only a half-hearted affair. A 
couple came out of the surf one da>', within a few feet of me. and 
immediatel>' commenced to slaj) and yirod one another. They continued 
merrily for perhaps a minute, when the.\- spied me and, instantly for- 
getting their differences, came uj) the beach to have a close look at the 
intruder. In .several instances I captured adult penguins by running 
them down. Such birds naturally attemiited to bite and strike, but only 
for a few moments; if their backs were stroked from neck to tail their 
accelerated docilits' would seem almost hvpnotic. 
The free i)enguins. /. i . tho.se not incubating or brooding, spend 
much time sleejiing, ])articidarl\ on sunn\ da\s. They have two rest- 
ing i)ositions : one sitting bolt upright with the head turned behind the 
shoulder and the bill tucked under the axilla : the other lying flat on the 
breast with the feet bent forward among the feathers, the wings pressed 
against the sides, and the head drawn snugly back. The upright 
position is commonlx maintained during a daytime doze, but birds dis- 
covered along the beaches after dark were alwa\-s found to be .sleeping 
upon their bellies. A nap is followed by the toilet, the penguins preen- 
ing themselves with much care, fluffing out the entire plimiage until each 
feather lies as smoothh as a .scale. 
The johnnies walk in a deliberate manner, raising their feet high at 
each step, carrying their tails well above the ground, thrusting their 
wings behind them as balances, and jioking the head forward into the 
accustomed near-.sighted attitude. Their near-sightedness is ])robabl\- no 
le.ss real than apj)arent, because of the specialization of their e>-es for 
vision through a medium of water. 
* Eagle Clarke records exactly the opp.isili rcganliiii; tlii~ species at the South t)rkne\s. He 
says that" they fought fiercely anions themselves, usiiis; both wings ami bills.- Dr. Heiiryk 
.\rctow.ski, also, has informed the writer that I'vgnuilis paptia was regarded as the most pugnacious 
of the penguins in the regions visited by the Jlrfx""- Hnt the experience of I>r. Gain. Naturalist of 
the Charcot Expedition, is that this species differs from other penguins in that the birds //ir in the 
■iiratfil pfuce -.nth n>i,- aiiolhcy .' 
