206 BROOKLYN INSTITUTE MUSEUM. SCIENCE BULLETIN 2. 6. 
Occasionally observed along the middle Orinoco. Among specimens 
collected at Caicara was a breeding female which was taken June 7, 
1898. 
Icterus xanthornus xantiiornus (Gmelin). 
Oriohts xanthornus Gm., Syst. Nat. ed. 13. I. 1788. p. 391. 
Xanthornus xanthornus Berlepsch & Hartert. p. 31. 
Native name Gonzalito. The colors in life are, eye seal brown; hill 
black ; feet plumbeous. 
A female in juvenal plumage, collected at Caicara May 4, 1907, 
is rich dark olive yellow above, darkest on the back; the wings are 
blackish, the primaries narrowly edged on the outer webs and the 
secondaries rather broadly edged and tipped with pale greyish ; there 
are two wing-bands produced by pale tips of the greater and median 
wing-coverts, that on the greater coverts being buffy and the band 
on the median coverts shaded with the color of the back; the bend of 
the wing and under parts are canary yellow (without a sign of the 
black throat patch of the adults) ; the tail is dusky olive green. 
An abundant species ; in habits quite like our Baltimore Oriole. In 
trees where this oriole is nesting are very frequently found nests of one 
or more species of Flycatchers (Pitangiis, Myiozctctes, Legatus, etc.), 
and not infrequently nests of the Gonzalito will be found close to those of 
a ciijiiny of the yellow-rumped Hangnest, Cacicus ccla. The nest? aic 
typical oriole nests, bag-shaped, about 30 cm. long and 10 cm. m 
diameter at the bottom, slightly constricted at the top. They are 
usually suspended between forked twigs at the extreme tips of branches. 
I have found nests within r.22 m. of the ground, in bushes, and again 
15.25 ni. up. During my two recent expeditions I noted a number of 
nests building in small trees over the water that, before the eggs could 
have been hatched and the young have left the nest, must have been 
submerged by the rapidly rising river. 
A nest taken on the nth of May, 1907, is somewhat unusual, as 
it is partially supported by an old nest of the same species, which a 
month earlier contained young yellow orioles almost ready to fly. 
Through some cause one of the supporting twigs of the old nest had 
broken, allowing the nest to sag and partially close the entrance. The 
new nest is supported by the remaining branch of the fork that held 
the old nest and also by being woven fast to the old nest itself. While 
there is no proof that both nests were built by the same pair of birds, 
vet the choice of the same locality, the construction of nests of the 
