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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, April, 1954 
INTRODUCED ORNAMENTALS 
14. Pilikai. Ipomoea Turpethum R. Br. ? Stictocardia campanulata (L.) House. 
This is generally accepted as native to India. The determination as I. Turpethum, which is now classed as 
Operculina Turpethum (L.) S. Manso, was a misdetermination of the specimen. S. campanulata has long 
been growing in the Islands, and it is a much-admired, cultivated ornamental. The first record of it was 
by Horace Mann, Jr., who botanized in the Islands in 1864 and 1865. He left no statement as to its > 
habitat or occurrence. Dr. William Hillebrand (1888: 312), who lived and botanized in the Islands from 1850 
until 1871, knew the species on most of the Islands and reported, "Probably an escape from early cultivation.” 
Another view was taken by O. Degener (1932: family 307), ". . . it seems more likely to be indigenous or 
possibly of aboriginal introduction.” Nearly all of the collections have been made in ihe lowlands, and those 
that state a habitat almost invariably say roadsides. It is still cultivated and also occurs in the dry lowlands, 
mostly along roadsides. The writer agrees with Hillebrand that this species was introduced as an ornamental f 
in recent times by foreigners. Mrs. Sinclair reported it as "usually found on the sea-coast but is also met ! 
with in the valleys a considerable distance inland. It grows most abundantly on the windward, or wet side , 
of the islands.” j 
EXOTIC ECONOMIC SPECIES IN EARLY CULTIVATION BY THE HAWAIIANS f 
1. Hau. Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. Hibiscus tiliaceus || 
She reported it "found more or less in all parts of the islands from the sea-coast to an elevation of about 
one thousand feet.” i 
7. Kou. Cordia subcordata Lam. Cordia subcordata Lam. i 
She said it was "strictly a lowland tree, seeming indeed to flourish best close to the sea-coast.” It was formerly 
plentiful but "generally near human habitations.” I 
10. Milo. Thespesia populnea Corr. Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Corr. ' 
She said it was "seldom found far from the abodes of men, ...” , 
15. Uala. Ipomoea Batatas Lam. Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Poir. 1 
She reported it as cultivated in the Islands and indigenous or "introduced at such a remote period, that all i 
record of the event is lost.” j 
29. Hoi. Dioscorea sativa Linn. Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa Prain & Burkill. 
She reported it from rocky grounds and "growing equally well on the lowlands and at an elevation of a thou- 
sand feet.” 
40. Noni. Morinda citrifolia Linn. Morinda citrifolia Linn. 
41. Ohia-ai. Eugenia (Jambosa) malaccensis Linn. Eugenia (Jambosa) malaccensis Linn. 
She said it was "mostly found in sheltered valleys near streams.” 
INDIGENOUS OR ENDEMIC SPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR ON KAUAI BUT NOT ON NIIHAU 
2. Ohia-lehua. Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. var. Metrosideros collina (Forst.) Gray 
var. glaberrima (Levi.) Rock. 
If the glabrous appearance of the plant illustrated is to be trusted, this is probably the var. glaberrima which 
is known on Kauai. Mrs. Sinclair describes this as "a low shrub a few feet in height . . . occurring on the 
high table-hand of Kauai, about four thousand feet above the sea, ...” 
3. leie. Freycinetia arborea Gaud. Freycinetia arborea Gaud. 
She reported it "on the lowlands in wooded districts, but is found in greatest abundance at an elevation of 
from one to two thousand feet above the sea.” 
4. Pioi. Smilax sandwicensis Kth. Smilax sandwicensis Kth. 
She said, "An upland vine, plentiful in the forest, a thousand feet and upwards above the sea.” 
5. Nukuiwi. Strongylodon lucidum Seem. Strongylodon lucidus (Forst. f.) Seem, 
^She reported it "mostly in warm valleys, from a few hundred to two thousand feet above the sea.” 
6. Puakauhi or awitiwiti. Canavalia ensiformis DC. ? Canavalia galeata (Gaud.) Gaud, ex Vogel, 
Linnaea 10: 584, 1836. 
This was a misdetermination, as C. ensiformis is an introduced crop plant, whereas C galeata is an endemic 
wild species. Recently the writer (St.John, 1940: 231-233) adopted the combination C. galeata (Gaud.) 
H. & A. The joint authors. Hooker and Arnott, described another species of Canavalia, gave the diagnostic 
