Studies in Fruit Flies. Part I. Dacini — Hardy and Adachi 
189 
Zeugodacus caudatus Perkins, 1938, Roy. Soc. 
Queensland, Proc. 49(11): 139- 
Zeugodacus nuhilus heinrkhi Hering, 1941, Si- 
runa Seva 3:11. New synonymy. 
Zeugodacus bezzianus Hering, 1941, Arb. iiber 
Morph, u. Taxonom. Ent. 8(1): 26. New 
synonymy based upon a comparison of 
large series of specimens from Formosa and 
India. 
It seems obvious that D. nuhilus is synony- 
mous with D. hageni de Meijere. We find 
no way of distinguishing these on the basis 
of the original description of hageni. Bezzi 
(1916: 109) and Perkins (1938: 138) indicated 
that hageni could be separated from nuhilus 
by the presence of two (not three) pairs of 
inferior fronto-orbital bristles. We have found 
this character not entirely reliable for dis- 
tinguishing this species. A large series of 
specimens on hand from the Philippines has 
predominantly just two pairs. Often individ- 
uals are seen which have two pairs on one 
side of the front and three on the other. 
We see no advantage in maintaining Her- 
ing’ s heinrkhi, certainly not as a subspecies. 
A fair share of the specimens examined from 
Borneo and the Philippines fit typical hein- 
richi, but so many intergrades are seen that it 
does not seem practical to separate the spec- 
imens according to these color variations. 
Hering says that heinrkhi differs from For- 
mosan nuhilus by being larger in size (the 
large series we have studied averages about 
the same as typical hageni). He separated it 
by its having a narrower central reddish-brown 
stripe down the mesonotum, narrower than 
the distance between the prescutellar bristles; 
by having the black submedian stripes run- 
ning together behind the central postsutural 
Fig. 25. Dacus {Zeugodacus) hageni de Meijere. a, Mesonotum; b, wing; c, extended' ovipositor; d, apex of piercer. 
