190 
yellow vitta and by having the black spots 
on the sides of abdominal terga four and five 
and the band on tergum three narrower than 
in the typical form. These characters seem to 
vary a great deal throughout the region cov- 
ered in this study. 
This species is closely related to D. caudatus 
Fabricius, and it is probable that most of the 
references to caudatus in the literature actually 
pertain to hageni. We are indebted to Dr. E. 
M. Hering for supplying information con- 
cerning the characteristics of caudatus, based 
upon the typical form from Java. D. hageni 
is a very widespread species and is obviously 
quite variable in coloration. Typical hageni 
differ from caudatus by lacking the brownish 
infuscation over the m crossvein and by hav- 
ing the femora all rufous or yellow, usually 
not brown to black at the apices (this varies 
considerably throughout the range of the spe- 
cies). The ovipositors are very different in the 
two species (compare Figs. 2'bh and 25^). 
Perkins (1938: 138), in his key to the species 
of Zeugodacus, distinguishes nubilus from cau- 
datus by its lack of lateral frontal spots. The 
presence or absence of spots or discolorations 
at the bases of the frontal bristles does not 
appear of particular value in separating these 
two species. 
D. hageni is distinguished from other Dacus 
{Zeugodacus) by having the costal band ex- 
panded into a large spot in the wing apex 
(Fig. 25^); by the all-yellow scutellum; by 
the three yellow vittae on the mesonotum; 
and by usually having three pairs of inferior 
fronto-orbital bristles. 
Head: The facial spots are moderately large 
and circular in shape, the spots vary consider- 
ably in size. The front has no distinct brown 
spots at the bases of the bristles. The front 
usually has three pairs of inferior fronto- 
orbital bristles. Specimens from Claveria and 
Gamalang, Mindanao, are predominantly 
atypical in that the great majority have two 
pairs of inferior fronto-orbitals. The sides of 
the abdomen are also more blackened than in 
the typical form. Thorax: The postsutural yel- 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, April, 1954 
low vittae are broad and conspicuous. The 
median yellow vitta nearly fills the space be- 
tween the prescutellar bristles; the median 
vitta narrows gradually anteriorly. The ante- 
rior median portion of the mesonotum is 
largely rufous in the space marked off by the 
outer scapular bristles. This rufous coloration 
extends posteriorly, narrowing behind, to the 
suture; it is often interrupted longitudinally 
by a narrow, shiny brown to black line ex- 
tending down the middle from the median 
yellow vitta to the anterior margin of the 
mesonotum (Fig. 25^). The areas between 
the vittae and behind the humeri are black. 
Wings: As in Figure 25^, the apical spot varies 
considerably in size. Legs: The front two pairs 
of coxae are yellow, and the hind pair is 
brownish. The femora are chiefly yellow to 
rufous, sometimes with brown to black apices, 
and the tibiae are brown to black. The spec- 
imens from this region fit the subspecies (or 
variety) femoralis (Hendel, 1934: 11) (de- 
scribed from China) as the front femora 
usually possess a brown to black dorsal spot 
near their apices and the middle and hind 
pairs are usually brownish at the apices. This 
character apparently varies considerably, es- 
pecially in teneral specimens, and is of ques- 
tionable value. Abdomen: The bases of terga 
one to three are black, and three to five have 
a broad black vitta extending longitudinally 
down the middle. The lateral margins of the 
terga are usually blackened. Ovipositor: The 
basal segment is nearly twice as long as the 
fifth abdominal segment. The extended ovi- 
positor is about 6.0 mm. in length (Fig. 25c). 
The basal segment measures about 1.6 mm. 
long by 1.2 mm. wide at its widest point. 
The spiracles are situated about 0.26 mm. 
from the base, measured on the side. The 
inversion membrane is about 2. 1-2.4 mm. 
long by 0.4 mm. wide at its broadest point. 
The rasper extends to within about 1.0 mm. 
of the base of the segment. The piercer is 
about 1. 8-2.0 mm. in length by 0.26 mm. 
in width (measured at the base). The tip of 
the oviduct is about 0.3 mm. from the apex 
