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elevations or depressions; peduncle long in 
small {C. p . polae?) specimens (Fig. 3^), much 
shorter in largest specimen (Fig. 3^). Muscles: 
Four body muscles; M I-II fused dorsally, 
III, IV, and X approaching or fusing dorsally; 
mouth muscles joining M I; bow muscles 
(C) forming anterior peduncle muscles on 
each side, M I and II fusing ventrolaterally 
to form posterior peduncle muscles. Thus, 
a total of four peduncle muscles present. 
Ciliated groove: Simple or U-shaped, located 
vertically. Viscera: Esophagus opening at level 
of junction of M III-IV-x; a single, pos- 
teriorly directed caecum, intestine coursing 
anteriorly beneath endostyle, anus opening 
at region of M II-III, but in larger specimen 
at region of M I; testis prominent, longi- 
tudinally plicated, arising at junction of eso- 
phagus and intestine, accompanying intestine 
anteriorly, opening by small duct slightly pos- 
terior to anus; embryo near M III or between 
M III-IV dorsally; one light organ on each 
side between M II and III — there may be two, 
as shown in Fig. 3^ and as shown by Ihle 
(1910), Komai (1932), and Tokioka (1937); 
examples previously described with two pairs 
of light organs, as the present specimen, al- 
ways large (length of specimen, 28 mm.), so 
this condition probably due to age. 
The form (species, subspecies, variety) polae 
has been distinguished from C. pinnata chiefly 
by the following characteristics in the gre- 
garious form (Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 
1937); length of body, length of peduncle, 
relationships of M III and IV dorsally, shape 
of ciliated groove, eye, caecum (blind sac), 
and position of anus. There are evidences, 
however, chiefly from Sewell (1926), that this 
form is not distinct from C. pinnata. The 
separation dorsally of M III and IV is found 
in C. pinnata as well as in animals fitting the 
description of C. polae (Metcalf, 1918; Sewell, 
1926; Komai, 1932). The ciliated groove in- 
tergrades between the form polae and the type 
(Sewell, 1926). The solitary form of C. polae 
is distinguished (Sigl, 1912^) by the middorsal 
fusion of the two M VI and their continuance 
as a band forward. This character apparently 
intergrades but should receive further study. 
Sewell (1926) stated; 
Had I been dealing solely with examples of 
the aggregated zooid I should have had no 
hesitation in referring this form to the sub- 
species polae but, as I have already shown, the 
asexual generation [of the Indian form} must 
be referred to C. pinnata. It is impossible, 
therefore, to distinguish Cyclosalpa polae from 
C. pinnata even as a sub-species, and much 
less, as Sigl originally claimed, as a species. 
Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg (1937), however, 
critically studied specimens of the aggregate 
zooid of both forms and concluded that the 
two forms should be considered distinct spe- 
cies, as Sigl (1912^^) had regarded them. 
I have had only typical specimens of the 
solitary zooid of C pinnata and thus can add 
nothing which might help settle this problem. 
The aggregate zooids of the POFI collections, 
however, show intergradation in the dorsal 
separation of M III-IV and structure of the 
ciliated groove. Tentatively, I follow Thomp- 
son (1948) in regarding the form polae as 
simply showing differences attributable to 
changes occurring with increasing size and 
believe that its recognition as a subspecies 
or species is probably not justified. Doubtless, 
the answer to the problem lies in a study of 
various-sized solitary forms. 
An embryo was found in a collection con- 
taining aggregate forms that fit the descrip- 
tion of C. polae (Fig. 3^). This embryo, how- 
ever, is evidently a typical C. pinnata as the 
two M VI do not fuse dorsally. It was not 
attached to its mother, so I cannot relate it 
directly to the form polae. 
Cyclosalpa afiinis (Chamisso) 1819 
Fig. A a, h 
Salpa ajjinis Chamisso, 1819: IT 
Cyclosalpa affinis Blainville, 1827 [ fide Ritter, 
1905]; Ihle, 1935: 527-529; Tokioka, 1937: 
221; Thompson 1948: 108. 
Salpa pinnata var. [.^JQuoy and Gaimard, 
1834: 582. 
