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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954 
one, and the ventral longitudinal muscles of 
H. virgula are not continuous (Streiff, 1908, 
however, represented them as continuous). 
In addition, the ventral ends of M II-IV 
remain distinct from longitudinal muscles in 
H. virgula. Ciliated groove, ganglion and eye: 
Ciliated groove highly convoluted, located at 
level of dorsoposterior extensions of M C; 
ganglion and eye at level of dorsal longi- 
tudinal muscles. Viscera: Gut large, bearing 
two caeca; intestine extending obliquely with 
gill, turning posteriorly at level of M I; stolon 
extruding from test at level of M III; six 
light organs on each side between body mus- 
cles from I to VI; additional small light organ 
anterioj to M I (Streiff, 1908, Metcalf, 1918, 
and Stiasny, 1926, show a single continuous 
light organ extending from M I to M VI on 
each side; the photograph by Thompson, 
1948, also shows a continuous light organ on 
each side; evidently, there is considerable va- 
riation in their location and structure). 
AGGREGATE FORM: Only stolonic indivi- 
duals were studied with length of 3 mm. 
(Figs. lc,d). 
The aggregate forms of this species and 
Helicosalpa komaii are the most asymmetric of 
all the salps. The two types of aggregate 
individuals that are produced, dextral and 
sinistral, are described separately. 
Dextral individual (Fig. id) : This has been 
figured by Streiff (1908) and Metcalf (1918). 
In addition, Streiff described the sinistral in- 
dividual, but Metcalf apparently had only 
dextral individuals for study. Test thick and 
firm with a bulbous swelling, around elaeo- 
blast and a large pointed projection contain- 
ing part of gut and testis projecting dorso- 
laterally toward anterior left side of body; 
anus directed toward right; eye turned slightly 
to right of mid-line of body, as is the cloacal 
opening; four body muscles; x prominent, 
encircling cloaca, separating the two parts of 
M IV ; dorsal tentacle projecting over ciliated 
groove to left of and anterior to ganglion. 
Sinistral individual (Fig. 7c) : Test similar to 
above, except projection containing gut and 
testis directed to right; anus directed toward 
left; ganglion and eye slightly to left of mid- 
line of body, as is cloacal opening; muscles 
the mirror image of dextral individual; dorsal 
tentacle over ciliated groove projecting an- 
teriorly and slightly to right of ganglion. 
Helicosalpa komaii 
(Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg) 1936 
Fig. 8rf-/ 
Salpa {Cyclosalpa) virgula Komai, 1932: 70. 
[non] Salpa virgula Vogt, 1854: 11. 
Cyclosalpa komaii Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 
1936: 274; 1938A 609; Tokioka, 1937: 221. 
Cyclosalpa virgula Eedele, 1937: 448, 525 {fide 
Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 1938^). 
[non] Salpa virgula Vogt, 1854: 11. 
SOLITARY FORM: One specimen examined 
with length of 94 mm. (Komai ’s specimen 
was 230 mm. long, making this the largest 
of all known salps.) (Fig. ^a-d.) Test: Thick, 
flabby, strongly attached to mantle by nu- 
merous fine strands of test material; a prom- 
inent, nonserrated, middorsal ridge present 
on anterior half of test; without other perma- 
nent elevations or depressions; test composed 
of a thin outer layer and a thicker inner 
gelatinous layer; inner layer opaque (staining 
makes it more opaque,^ so should be used 
only with caution). Komai (1932) stated, 
"The test is thin and soft.” I presume that he 
examined only the outer surface, which ap- 
pears without dissection to be thin and rather 
far separated from the mantle by the inner 
gelatinous layer. Muscles: Six body muscles; 
X and y branched (Komai’s figure, 8c of this 
report, shows y as a nonbranched muscle); 
mouth musculature including the large M 
C that approaches or touches M I dorso- 
laterally, passes backward ventrally as the 
ventral longitudinal muscle; two large sphinc- 
ters of the dorsal lip (according to Komai, 
one large posterior and three small anterior 
ones) appearing to fuse laterally with two 
sphincters of the ventral lip, then continuing 
posteriorly as a dorsal retractor to the outside 
