292 
Intestine elongate, coursing obliquely dorsad 
with gill, separating from it at level of M I 
forming a prominent posterior bend (rectum) ; 
forming two prominent caeca posteriorly 
which project equally posteroventrally in the 
POFI specimen, whereas Komai’s figure 
shows one caecum projecting dorsoanteriorly, 
the other posteroventrally; stolon passing an- 
teriorly in sinuous course, turning posteriorly 
just in front of M I (from Komai; the POFI 
specimen has no stolon); light organ com- 
posed of sparse masses of cells from M I-VI 
on each side of body. 
AGGREGATE FORM: As no Specimens of this 
form have been examined, the description 
follows those of Komai (1932) and Tokioka 
(1937). Length range of known specimens 
(Komai) 20-55 mm. without projections. 
Dextral individual (Fig. 8/): Body ovoid, 
texture soft; one long posterior projection 
present; a cushion-shaped attachment organ 
on left ventral surface; atrial opening dorsal, 
tubular; musculature closely similar to that of 
H. virgula; gut forming open U-shaped loop 
at base of posterior projection; esophagus and 
left ventral caecum directed anteriorly; in- 
testine extending dorsally, rectum bending 
anteriorly; small right caecum protruding to 
the right; testis spherical, located posterior to 
gut at base of posterior projection; a "whitish 
core" extending from testis to rear of poste- 
rior projection (considered by Komai prob- 
ably homologous to the blood-forming organ 
of Ritteriella); ciliated groove highly convo- 
luted; a prominent horn-like process borne 
dorsoanteriorly over ciliated groove, 
Sinistral individual (Fig. 8^): Musculature 
the mirror image of that of dextral individual; 
attachment organ on right ventral surface; 
horn-like projection over ciliated groove ex- 
tending dorsally toward right; posterior pro- 
jection short, forming a blunt cone; eso- 
phagus and anus close to one another, located 
dorsally; esophagus coursing posteriorly, in- 
testine bending ventrally, then dorsally and 
opening on left side of esophagus ; left caecum 
large, opening into upper part of intestine of 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. VIII, July, 1954 
left; right caecum small, opening below left 
one on right side; testis spherical, ventral to 
gut, in base of cone-shaped projection. 
Embryo in both types located on dorsal 
right side between M III and IV. The horn- 
like projection is absent in very young indi- 
viduals (as this is present in young H. virgula 
from the stolon, perhaps this is incorrect). 
This species has been reported only from 
Seto, Japan (Komai, 1932), and the present 
specimen is from 7M"N, 140°4"W. Komai 
(1932) described both the solitary and ag- 
gregate forms (one and ca. 30 specimens, 
respectively), considering them 5. (C.) virgula. 
Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg (1936) studied H. 
virgula critically, comparing their observa- 
tions with those of Komai. They concluded 
that his specimens were a distinct species 
which they named after him. Tokioka (1937) 
agreed with this conclusion and figured and 
described the gut and associated structures 
of gregarious specimens, apparently from the 
same collection on which Komai worked. 
Fedele (1937) found that the dorsal tentacle 
above the ciliated groove of gregarious in- 
dividuals is also present in H. virgula. Fie 
considered the spherical testis of H. komaii 
to be only a condition of age and therefore 
regarded Komai’s specimens as identical with 
H. virgula. Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg (1938^) 
wrote a short note defending their earlier con- 
clusion. They agreed that the dorsal tentacle 
is also found in H. virgula, but the spherical 
testis was not present; this conclusion is sup- 
ported in the present report, as all stolonic 
individuals of H. virgula possess an elongate 
testis, never a spherical one. In addition, the 
solitary form of H. komaii is so different from 
H. virgula that they regarded their earlier con- 
clusion as the correct one, with which I am 
in complete agreement. 
SALPINAE subfam. nov. 
This subfamily may be distinguished by 
the following characteristics: (1) In both 
forms the gut is completely free from the 
gill, except at the esophageal region, and does 
