324 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, VoL VIII, July, 1954 
Salpa rhomhoides [?] Quoy and Gaimard, 1824: 
510. 
Salpa rhomboidea [.^] Blainville, 1827: 115. 
Dubreuillia cirrhosa Lesson, 1830: 278. 
Salpa pyramidalts [.^] Quoy and Gaimard, 1834: 
593. 
Salpa caboti Desor, 1848: 75. 
Salpa democratica-mucronata Traustedt, 1885: 
365. 
Thalia mucronata Lahille, 1890: 11. 
Salpa {Thalia) democratica-mucronata Apstein, 
1894^; 44. 
Thalia democratica Heider, 1895: 368; Ihle, 
1935: 527-529; Thompson, 1948: 139. 
Salpa {Salpa) mucronata Streiff, 1908: 38. 
Salpa {Thalia) democratica yiexcAi, 1918: 109; 
Sewell, 1926: 92; Stiasny, 1926: 441; Ber- 
rill, 1950: 291. 
Thalia democratica var. orientals Tokioka, 
1937: 226. 
Thalia democratica var. orientals forma echinata 
Tokioka, 1937: 229. 
SOLITARY FORM: More than 10 specimens 
examined with length range of 4-9 mm., 
without projections (Fig. 28). Test: The echin- 
ate form (Fig. 28^) is discussed first. Test 
thick, especially over gut; gut swelling bearing 
two projections, one posterior and one ven- 
troposterior; one usually long, lateral poste- 
rior projection on each side of body having 
no ridges but bearing many minute spines; 
one dorsolateral projection on either side of 
cloacal flap (atrial palp of Tokioka, 1937), 
ridged, bearing minute spines; each dorso- 
lateral projection bearing a truncate medial 
portion extending posteriorly; one ventro- 
lateral projection, usually smaller than the 
dorsolateral projection, extending posteriorly 
on each side of gut region; each a simple 
projection bearing minute spines; latter may 
be lacking, as Tokioka (1937) reported; thus, 
a total of six posterior projections of body 
and two of gut swelling; anteriorly, test trun- 
cate, ringed by an echinate ridge, with anter- 
riorly projecting lip flaps; transverse dorsal 
groove at base of dorsal lip lying posterior to 
two bulges, one on each side of dorsal de- 
pression; dorsal depression widening ante- 
riorly and posteriorly, limited by dorsolateral 
limiting elevations that continue posteriorly 
into lateral ridges of dorsolateral projections; 
in posterior widening of dorsal depression, 
high triangular cloacal flap projecting poste- 
riorly, bearing a dorsal echinated ridge on its 
margin, a ventral heavily fringed margin be- 
low; ventral lip of cloacal opening similarly 
fringed, margined by a deep transverse groove; 
a deep lateral depression (seldom, a groove) 
present; a ventrolateral elevation, continuous 
with ventrolateral projections, coursing an- 
teriorly; ventral surface bearing a midventral 
depression limited by midventral limiting 
ridges originating at ventrolateral projections; 
a prominent short midventral ridge present 
beneath chin. The smooth form is much like 
the above, having the same projections on 
the posterior end (often the ventrolateral pro- 
jections are absent as in Fig. 28^), same cloacal 
flap structure, and the anterior ridge around 
the mouth; dorsal depression and limiting 
ridges present (these may be only elevations) . 
The test, however, is not spiniferous ven- 
trally and is sparsely so dorsally; it is thin 
and flabby. The muscles of this form are 
narrower than those of the echinate form. 
Muscles: One large bow muscle (C) inter- 
rupted dorsally, continuous ventrally; five 
body muscles present; M I-IV continuous 
dorsally and ventrally; M V continuous dors- 
ally, narrowly interrupted ventrally (Metcalf, 
I9I8, says M V is continuous ventrally, but 
all other investigators described it as inter- 
rupted, as here); M I-III converge in mid- 
line dorsally as do M IV and V, thus forming 
two dorsal groups; M III and IV converge, 
usually touch midventrally. Ciliated groove: 
Far separated from ganglion and eye, bearing 
a languet projecting ventrally into the phar- 
yngeal cavity. Viscera: Gut elongate and U- 
shaped, in state B (Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 
1933); projecting far into gut swelling; endo- 
style extending only from level of M III 
forward; stolon forming a close circle or spi- 
ral around gut. 
