132 
rather than Carteriospongia. It seems that Spon- 
gia foliascens Pallas, which is the type species 
of Carteriospongia Hyatt by subsequent desig- 
nation of Burton (1954), has abundant foreign 
material incorporated into the dermis and the 
primary fibres. Spongia papyracea Esper, the 
type species of Phyllospongia Ehlers, is under- 
stood by Burton to have no sandy inclusions in 
•either the fibres or the cortex. Ehlers (1870) 
does not comment specifically on this feature. 
Many authors (Dendy, Ridley, Bowerbank, de 
Laubenfels) have described sponges with cored 
ascending fibres as P. papyracea. De Laubenfels 
(1948) suggests that the type specimen is one 
in which primary fibres are rare or absent and 
that the specimens described by later authors 
are congeneric with Esper s sponge even though 
they possess varying amounts of debris in both 
cortex and primary fibres. The commonly ac- 
cepted view of Phyllospongia is of a sponge 
with a variable amount of debris in both fibres 
and cortex, and in keeping with this view the 
Palau specimens are assigned to Phyllospongia. 
A restudy of Spongia papyracea Esper is re- 
quired to clarify this problem. 
DISTRIBUTION: Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Ma- 
laya, Australia, New Zealand, 3 West Central 
Pacific. 
Phyllospongia dendyi Lendenfeld 
Fig. 4 a, h 
Phyllospongia dendyi Lendenfeld, 1889, p. 
177, pi 14, fig. 5. 
Phyllospongia dendyi var. frondosa Lenden- 
feld, 1889, p. 178, pi. 14, fig. 5. 
Phyllospongia dendyi var. digit at a Lenden- 
feld, 188#n>. 178. 
Phyllospongia dendyi Burton, 1934, p. 573. 
OCCURRENCE: Sta. 92. 
DESCRIPTION: This sponge consists of some- 
what inclined lamellae decreasing in height from 
the center to the margin and often bearing lobe- 
like secondary lamellae on the outer surface. 
The lamellae arise from a spreading base and 
tend to intersect to form a series of pouches. 
The free margins of the lamellae are undulat- 
3 This record is doubtful; Lendenfeld described sev- 
eral species and varieties of Phyllospongia from New 
Zealand, none of which has been verified. 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIX, April 1965 
Fig. 4 a. Lower , Phyllospongia dendyi Lendenfeld. 
Sta. 92. Upper, Fasciospongia chondrodes (de Lau- 
benfels ) . Sta. 92 A. 
ing, particularly the outer series. The single 
specimen is 10 cm long, 5.0 cm wide and 6.0 
cm high; lamellae are 2. 0-3. 2 mm thick. 
COLOR: In alcohol, dark reddish-brown, be- 
tween (rY-R 5/2) and (rY-R5/3). 
TEXTURE: Fleshy but sufficiently elastic for 
the sponge to regain its shape after being : 
compressed. 
SURFACE: Covered evenly with sharp fine 
conules up to 0=5 mm high. Oscules are scat- 
tered over the sides of the lamellae and range 1 
from 0.2- 1.2 mm in diameter. Narrow sub- 
dermal channels are visible through the dermal 
membrane; these meander over the surface in 
certain areas and are absent near the edges of 
the lamellae. 
skeleton : Composed of primary fibres 
cored with spicule fragments and running diag- 
onally through the lamellae. They are connected 
by a network of uncored secondary fibres. 
