Gnath ophausia — Pequegn AT 
413 
Fig. 8. Geographical Distribution of Gnathophausia ingens . Solid circle, captures of the Dana Expedi- 
tion; plus sign, other previous captures; solid triangle, captures from the 1930-53 Scripps collections. 
tribution between 15°N and 40°N in the east- 
ern Pacific, but Figure 8 shows that the distri- 
bution of G. ingens in the other oceans (espe- 
cially in the Atlantic) and in other portions of 
the Pacific is not restricted to these latitudes. 
In the western Pacific and in the Indian Ocean 
this species is frequently found in the equa- 
torial zones. 
Figure 8 further shows that G. ingens occurs 
at mid-latitudes (between 20°-40°N) and is 
rare in the lower latitudes in the eastern por- 
tions of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 
And, conversely, the species is more abundant 
in the lower latitudes and rare in mid- and 
higher latitudes in the western portions of both 
oceans. Fage (1941) correlates this strange 
distribution in the Atlantic with temperature 
isotherms at 600 m. He has shown that the dis- 
tribution of G. ingens falls within the zone of 
temperatures of less than 10 °C, and is excluded 
from areas of temperatures of greater than 
10°C 
Gnathophausia gigas 
The wide latitudinal range of G. gigas is 
shown in Figure 9. This species is found from 
near the Equator to nearly 60 °N in both the 
Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In the Southern 
Hemisphere G. gigas has been found as far 
south as 69°S in the Indian Ocean (Tattersall, 
1955). In the Scripps 1950-53 collections G. 
gigas was the only species of this genus which 
was taken north of 35 °N in the eastern Pacific, 
having been found as far north as nearly 60 °N. 
Fage (1941) suggests that this animal prefers 
the colder waters, and there is evidence that 
G. gigas lives deeper in the oceans where the 
