Hawaiian Gossypium — Wilbur 
103 
reviewer should use his best judgment in the selection 
of a lectotype, but if another author has already segre- 
gated one or two elements as other taxa, the residue 
or part of it should be designated as the lectotype if 
its essential characters correspond with the original 
description. If it can be shown that the element best 
fitting the protologue has been removed, it should be 
restored and treated as the lectotype. Whenever the 
original material of a taxon is heterogeneous, the 
lectotype should be selected so as to preserve current 
usage unless another element agrees better with the 
protologue (Rec 7B). 
f. The first choice of a lectotype must be followed 
by subsequent workers (Art. 8) unless the original 
material is rediscovered, or unless it can be shown 
that the choice was based upon a misinterpretation 
of the protologue. 
The protologue is defined in the Code as 
everything associated with a name at its first 
publication. 
It therefore seems certain that the name G. 
tomentosum must be typified by the plants prin- 
cipally characterized by the publishing author 
who studied them with considerable care in the 
field. The original account certainly better fits 
the Fijian introduced cotton than it does the 
Hawaiian endemic. It is an error to typify the 
name by the element which Seemann mistakenly 
considered as conspecific on the basis of rather 
fragmentary herbarium specimens, even if the 
name suggested by Nuttall was adopted by See- 
mann for the proposed species. A photograph 
of Nuttall’s specimen in the British Museum 
was kindly provided by J. E. Dandy, who also 
wrote that he could find no manuscript notes by 
Nuttall that Seemann might have used. The 
secondary position of the Hawaiian element in 
Seemann’s concept may perhaps even be indi- 
cated by his appending their localities and col- 
lectors after the citation of the Fijian specimens 
with the prefectory "Also collected in Oahu . . 
The authority for the name G. tomentosum 
has been variously cited as "Nutt.” or "Nuttall,” 
"Nuttall in Seem.” or "Nutt.; Seem.” The last 
of these citations of authority is given sanction 
in the modernized version by the substitution of 
"ex” for the semicolon by the International Code 
as an example for Recommendation 46C. Al- 
though Seemann attributed the name to "Nutt, 
mss.,” an examination of the description indi- 
cates that Seemann based his description almost 
entirely upon the plants studied by him in Fiji. 
In this case there are more compelling reasons 
than the desire to shorten the citation for at- 
tributing the name solely to Seemann rather 
than to "Nutt, ex Seem.” 
The year following Seemann’s publication of 
G. tomentosum, Parlatore (1866) published a 
good description and an illustration of the Ha- 
waiian endemic, naming it G. sandvicense — not 
G. sandwicense as cited by Hillebrand (1888), 
Watt ( 1907 ) , Degener ( 1933 ) , or Hutchinson, 
Silow, and Stephens (1947). Parlatore ques- 
tioningly placed Nuttall’s herbarium name in 
synonymy. The name G. indicum Lam. employed 
by Menzies, in naming his collection made while 
accompanying Vancouver, was also cited in 
synonymy along with " G . religiosum Forst.,” 
the name under which David Nelson’s collec- 
tion, made during Cook’s voyage of discovery, 
was to be found in the British Museum. 
The more pertinent synonymy for the Ha- 
waiian endemic Gossypium appears, then, to be 
as follows: 
Gossypium sandvicense Pari., Sp. dei Cotoni 
p. 37. 1866. 
G. tomentosum Seem., FI. Vit. 22. 1865 
in small part. 
G. tomentosum var. parvifolia Nutt, ex 
Watt, Wild & Cult. Cotton PI. p. 71. 
1907. 
REFERENCES 
Degener, Otto. 1933. Flora Hawaiiensis. Ho- 
nolulu. 
Hillebrand, W. F. 1888. Flora of the Hawai- 
ian Islands. Heidelberg, xcvi + 673, fron- 
tispiece, 4 maps. 
Hutchinson, J. B., R. A. Silow, and S. G. 
Stephens. 1947. The Evolution of Gossyp- 
ium. Oxford Univ. Press, xi + 160 pp. 
Lanjouw, J., et ah, editors. 1961. International 
Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Regnum 
Vegetabile 23:1-372. 
Parlatore, Filippo. 1866. Le Specie dei Co- 
toni. Firenze. 64 pp. 
Prokhanov, Y. 1959. What is Gossypium bar- 
badense Linnaeus? Taxon 8:41-46. 
Seemann, B. 1865-73. Flora Vitiensis. London. 
xxxiii + 453 pp., 100 pi., 1 map, portr. 
Watt, G. 1907. The Wild and Cultivated Cot- 
ton Plants of the World. London, xvi + 406. 
