13 6 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVIII, April 1964 
munications between 1880 and 1911 produced 
the following set of introductions: 
Laevicaulus alte from Africa 
Subulina octona from Reunion (originally 
West Indies) 
Pseudopeas tuckeri from Australia 
Hawaiia minuscula originally North Ameri- 
can, but direct source unknown 
Brady baena similaris most probably on 
sugar cane, source unknown 
With most of the rnolluscan "tropical tramps” 
well established by 1911, the rate of additions 
decreased, probably reflecting growing strin- 
gency of quarantine regulations as well as a 
decrease in the number of candidates for intro- 
duction. New records are all of West Indian 
taxa: 
Gastrocopta servilis from West Indies 
Lamellaxis micra from West Indies 
Varicella sp. from West Indies 
Lacteoluna sp. from West Indies 
The effects of the depression of the 1930s 
and isolation from normal commerce caused by 
World War II may have been the reasons behind 
restricted introductions from 1928 to 1958. 
Only three more species were added: 
Elasmias apertum from Polynesia 
ff Opeas ” oparanum from Polynesia 
Diastole conula from Polynesia 
As would be expected, the centers of com- 
mercial contact, particularly in regard to inter- 
change of plant products, have provided by far 
the largest portion of the introduced taxa. 
French Polynesia, the West Indies, and the 
former French possessions of the Malagasy re- 
gion each contributed heavily, with a much 
smaller number coming from Europe and, pos- 
sibly, only one from Australia. Hawaiia minu- 
scula and Brady baena similaris had attained such 
a wide dispersal prior to their discovery in New 
Caledonia that no guess can be hazarded as to 
the source of the New Caledonian populations. 
So far, New Caledonia has not received the 
Giant African Snail, Achatina fulica, that is 
such a nuisance in many parts of the Pacific. 
It does, however, have its full share of the land 
snail "tropical tramps,” those species found, for 
example, in the port towns of the southeastern 
United States, Central American coastal cities, 
Mauritius, Singapore, and nearly every Pacific 
island regularly served by commerce. Hawaii, 
Tahiti, Viti Levu, Guam, and countless other 
islands have their cultivated and otherwise eco- 
logically altered areas taken over by this pan- 
tropical snail fauna. The famed endemic land 
snails of the Pacific islands are restricted to the 
rapidly shrinking patches of native forest. In 
all too short a time the land snail fauna of the 
Pacific islands will consist solely of a homo- 
geneous blend of the introduced forms listed 
above. It is with a real sense of sadness that I 
have attempted to chronicle for the terrestrial 
malacologist of 2020 the places where the 
living land snails of Polynesia and Micronesia 
originated! 
REFERENCES 
Baker, H. Burrington. 1931. Notes on West 
Indian Veronicellidae. Nautilus- 44(4) : 131- 
137, pi. 8. 
• — — — 1938. Zonitid snails from Pacific is- 
lands. Part I: Southern genera of Micro • 
cystinae. Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 158: 
1-102, 20 pis. 
/ 
— — __ 1941. Zonitid snails from Pacific is- 
lands. Part 3: Genera other than Microcysti- 
nae. Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 166:203- 
346, pis. 43-65. 
Cooke, C. Montague, and Yoshio Kondo. 
I960. Revision of the Tornatellinidae and 
Achatinellidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Bull. 
Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 221, 303 pp., 123 
figs. 
Dautzenberg, Philip. 1923. Moliusques ter- 
restres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des lies 
Loyalty. In: Sarasin and Roux, Nova Cale- 
donia, Zoologie 3(1): 135-156, 4 figs. 
Forcart, Lothar. 1953. The Veronicellidae of 
Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata). Ann. Musee 
Royal Congo Beige, Tervuren, 8°, 23, 110 
pp., 5 pis., 13 maps, 25 tables. 
Franc, Andre. 1957. Moliusques terrestres et 
fiuviatiles de i’Archipel Neo-Caledonien. 
