Revision of Parapercis — CANTWELL 
245 
space. Mugiloides has both vomerine and pala- 
tine teeth, whereas both are absent in Prolatilis. 
Vomerine teeth are always present in Parapercis , 
whereas the palatines may be present or absent. 
GENERIC DIAGNOSIS: Scales ctenoid, those of 
head and breast often cycloid; upper and lower 
jaws with a row of hooked conical teeth inside 
of which occur a band of villiform teeth. Three, 
four, or five canine teeth in outer row on either 
side of symphysis of lower jaw; vomerine teeth 
present; palatine teeth present or absent; upper 
jaw protractile; spinous dorsal rounded or pro- 
gressively higher posteriorly; dorsal rays IV or 
V, 19 to 23, the soft portion higher than the 
spinous one; anal fin with I, 16 to 19 rays. Oper- 
cular spine single and sharp pointed. Caudal fin 
with seven branched rays in lower lobe and eight 
in upper lobe, except on one species, P. snyderi, 
in which a few specimens have seven; caudal 
truncate or slightly rounded, except in P. 
schauinslandi; pelvic fin with a short spine and 
five rays, the fourth longer than the others; 
pelvic fins inserted slightly anterior to pectorals; 
abdominal vertebrae 10, caudal 18, 19, or 21. 
DOUBTFUL SPECIES: The first record of the 
genus Parapercis taken outside the Indo-Pacific 
Ocean was Neopercis [ Parapercis ] atlantica 
Vaillant (1887) from the Cape Verde Islands 
off the west coast of Africa. In 1937 Cadenat 
recorded Neopercis ledanoisi based on a single 
specimen. Arambourg (1943) examined both 
specimens and claimed they were identical and 
resembled his Miocene fossil specimen Neo- 
percis mesogea. An attempt was made, without 
success, to borrow these specimens. 
Five species that Cuviers and Valenciennes 
recognized remain doubtful after examination 
of the description and/or figures: Percis ocellata, 
P. punctata, P. punctulata, P. semifasciata, and P. 
nicthemera. Other nominal species that are dubi- 
ous are Percis millepunctata Gunther (I860), P. 
rose Lienard ( 1893 ) > Neopercis macrophthalma 
Pietschmann (1911), and N. striolata Weber 
(1913). The examination of Neopercis flavo- 
f as data Kamohara (1936) showed it to have a 
subequal lower jaw and a dorsal fin formula of 
TABLE 5 
Scales Above Lateral Line in Parapercis 
SPECIES 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
s 
ramsayi 
- 
3 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
aurantiaca 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
— 
multifasciata 
- 
- 
2 
7 
15 
2 
— 
- 
— 
0.74 
binivirgata 
- 
- 
- 
3 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
sex fas data 
- 
- 
- 
19 
21 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.55 
rnimaseana 
- 
- 
- 
1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
muronis 
- 
- 
- 
3 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_ 
colias 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
10 
7 
0.51 
allporti 
- 
2 
7 
- 
- 
- 
- 
— 
— 
0.44 
gilliesi 
- 
- 
- 
1 
6 
- 
- 
- 
— 
0.38 
schauinslandi 
- 
- 
7 
18 
- 
_ 
_ 
_ 
_ 
0.46 
filamentosa 
- 
- 
3 
- 
- 
- 
— 
— 
_ 
_ 
alboguttata 
- 
- 
4 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
emeryana 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
8 
- 
0.52 
nebulosa 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7 
14 
4 
— 
0.67 
haackei 
7 
2 
- 
- 
- 
— 
- 
— 
_ 
0.44 
cylindrica 
4 
21 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
— 
- 
0.37 
snyderi 
8 
— 
pulchella 
- 
2 
20 
9 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0.58 
ommatura 
25 
1 
— 
- 
- 
- 
— 
— 
_ 
0.20 
cephalopunctata 
- 
- 
- 
36 
16 
- 
- 
— 
_ 
0.52 
clathrata... 
- 
- 
- 
19 
8 
- 
- 
- 
— 
0.47 
hexophthalma 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5 
5 
3 
— 
— 
0.87 
polyophthalma 
- 
- 
- 
1 
9 
7 
1 
- 
— 
0.69 
tetracantha 
- 
_ 
- 
_ 
2 
12 
— 
_ 
_ 
0.40 
xanthozona 
- 
- 
- 
2 
13 
4 
- 
- 
- 
0.60 
