Revision of Parapercis— Cantwell 
271 
y 19; no serrations on opercles; five to seven 
ocelli along side of body. 
COLOR IN ALCOHOL: Background yellowish 
brown with back darker brown and belly lighter 
yellow, back with many small dark blotches; 
head spotted; five to seven small dark ocelli 
below midside from below pectoral fin base to 
opposite rear of anal fin base; three irregular 
rows of spots or oblong dashes (middle row 
with smaller spots or dashes) at midside from 
rear of pectoral fin base to base of caudal fin; a 
large dark spot on membrane between dorsal 
spines II to IV; soft dorsal fin with three or four 
lengthwise rows of dark spots on membranes; 
on middle of anal fin one row of small dark 
spots; a large dark oblong blotch on middle of 
caudal fin, remainder of fin light in color and 
dark spotted; usually four spots on base of 
pectoral fin, one or two dark spots on scaled 
portion of pectoral fin rays; no color markings 
on pelvics; two horizontal rows of brown spots 
extend from rictus across cheek. 
RANGE: Zanzibar; east coast of Africa; Red 
Sea; Riu Kiu Islands; Philippines; Rennell Is- 
lands. 
Parapercis tetracantha (Lacepede) 
Figs. 17, 27, 9 D 
Lahrus tetr acanthus Lacepede, 1800, middle 
fig. opposite p. 493; 1802, p. 428 (type 
locality, unknown ) . 
Percis cancellata Cuvier and Valenciennes, 
1829, pp. 268-270. Cuvier and Griffith, 
1834, pp. 126-127, pi. 24, fig. 2. Cuvier, 
1837, p. 98, pi. 18, fig. 2. Bleeker, 1855, 
p. 501; 1863, p. 156. Karoli, 1881, p. 162 
( Singapore ) . 
Percis tetracantha Bleeker, 1853, p. 458 (Java); 
1857, p. 371 (Sangi Islands); 1859, p. 331, 
(Java); I860, p. 40 (Sumatra). Kner and 
Steindachner, 1866, pp. 362-363, table 3, 
fig. 18 (Samoa Islands). Alcock, 1896, p. 
316 (Bay of Bengal and Andamans). Bou- 
lenger, 1897, p. 373 (Rotuma). 
Parapercis tetracanthus Bleeker, 1865, pp. 149 
and 292 (Burn and Ambon). Jordan and 
Richardson, 1908, p. 280 (Calayan). Weber, 
1913, pp. 518-519 (Banda). Fowler, 1928, 
p. 424 (Society Islands); 1938, p. 300 
(Society Islands). Schultz, 1943, p. 269 
(Samoa Islands). Marshall, 1950, p. 192 
( Cocos -Keeling Islands). Beaufort and 
Chapman, 1951, pp. 26-27, fig. 7 (Singa- 
pore). 
Percis tetrachantha Schmeltz, 1869, p. 16 
(Feejee Inseln) . 
Parapercis tetracantha Snyder, 1912, p. 516 
(Okinawa). Martin and Montalban, 1935, 
pp. 217-219, pi. 1, fig. 2 (Romblan, Cala- 
pan, Mindanao). Herre, 1953, p. 783. 
Parapercis nipponensis Kamohara, 1936, pp. 
929 and 933, fig. 4, p. 934 (off Prov. Tosa 
in Shikoku); 1938, pp. 1293-1294, fig. 1. 
Okada, 1938, pp. 252-253 (Koti). Okada 
and Matsubara, 1938, p. 389. Kamohara, 
1950, p. 258 (Tosa and Kishu). Kamohara, 
1958, p. 67 (Kochi). 
Cilias tetracanthus Matsubara, 1955, p. 692. 
SPECIMENS STUDIED: Thirteen (147.5 to 228) 
Philippine Islands USNM 122338 (1); Jolo UW 
7607 (1); cnhm 47548 (1); ummz 100560 
(2); East Indies RVNH 5948 (2); 8536 (1); 
8539 (1); Ambon RVHN 20512 (1); locality 
unknown USNM 171787 (2); su (1). 
DIAGNOSIS: Six canine teeth in outer row of 
lower jaw; palatine teeth absent; middle dorsal 
spines longest; membrane from spinous dorsal 
connected to first soft ray opposite tip of last 
spines; dorsal spines y five; dorsal rays y 20.9; 
total anal ray y 17.9; caudal vertebrae y 19; 
color pattern similar to P. clathrata; large ocellus 
over suprascapula. 
COLOR IN ALCOHOL: Background yellowish 
brown with back darker brown and belly lighter 
yellow; the upper half of the body from nape 
of neck to base of caudal fin with nine wide 
dark brown bars, the first three of which extend 
ventrally to the lateral line; a narrow dark 
brown band connects these nine bars ventrally; 
nine other wide dark bars extend ventrally from 
this longitudinal band, the last eight of which 
reach the midventral line; anteriorly the ventral 
bars are directly under the dorsal bars but be- 
come progressively more alternating toward the 
caudal; a narrow dark brown band extends 
longitudinally from the base of the pectoral fin 
to the ventral base of the caudal fin connecting 
the nine ventral bars; over the suprascapula 
there is a large ocellus the center of which is 
brown and is surrounded by a thin black ring, 
