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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVIII, October 1964 
Fig. 1. Upper jaw bones of Harengula thrissina (A), 
Lile stolifera ( B ), and Sardinella sindensis ( C ). Ab- 
brev. : mx, maxillary; pm, premaxillary; sm, supra- 
maxillaries; hm, hypomaxillary. The scale below each 
is 1 mm. 
The presence of the hypomaxillary in the syn- 
type of Harengula latulus, the type species of 
the genus, is considered to restrict the genus 
Harengula to comparable species possessing this 
structure. The synonymy of H. latulus, the prob- 
ability of the erroneous original locality desig- 
nation, and the type species designation were 
detailed by Storey (1938:36-39), who gave 
evidence that Harengula does not occur in the 
eastern Atlantic. Based on present information, 
the genus Harengula apparently occurs only in 
the western Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. 
Lile lacks the hypomaxillary bones, and the 
intervening space along the gape between the 
premaxillary and the maxillary is occupied by 
unossified connective tissue (Fig. IB). The 
elongated supramaxillary is shown in Figure 
2 B. These two characters have been verified in 
L. stolifera (Jordan and Gilbert 1881) on speci- 
mens from many eastern Pacific localities in the 
collections of several institutions. Lile apparently 
only occurs in American waters. 
Sardinella is similar to Lile in lacking hypo- 
maxillaries (Fig. 1C). The expanded distal end 
of the posterior supramaxillary is rounded, with 
the dorsal constriction about vertical to the 
ventral constriction (Fig. 2C). This has been 
verified in the following species: 
.S', aurita Valenciennes 1847, Florinapolis, 
Brazil, SU53863 and SU51662 
S. brachysoma Bleeker 1852, Tai Ping, China, 
SU25701 
S. earner onensis Regan 1917, West Africa, 
rgmac 94987 
S. clupeoides (Bleeker 1849), Singapore, 
China, SU33838 
S. dayi Regan 1917, Ceylon, SU22866 
S. eba (Valenciennes 1847), eastern Atlantic, 
RGMAC 94994 
S. fmbriata (Valenciennes 1847), Manila, 
Philippines, SU20330 
S. jussieui (Lacepede 1803), Manila, Philip- 
pines, SU6Q478 
S. leiogaster Valenciennes 1847, Sulu Prov., 
Philippines, SU28571 
S. longiceps Valenciennes 1847, Madras, In- 
dia, SU35273 
S. melanura (Cuvier 1829), Malekula Island, 
New Hebrides, SU25031 
S. perforata (Cantor 1850), Formosa, SU7420 
S. rouxi (Poll 1953), West Africa, RGMAC 
94999 
S. sindensis (Day 1878), Manila, Philippines, 
SU38369 
S. sirm (Walbaum 1792), Apia, Samoa, SU 
8984 
S. zunasi (Bleeker 1854), Onomichi, Japan, 
SU20140 
Sardinella occurs in the Atlantic and Indian 
oceans and in the western Pacific, but not in the 
eastern Pacific. 
Because the genus Harengula is restricted to 
species possessing hypomaxillaries, certain Indo- # 
Pacific species, which have usually been placed 
in Harengula, but which lack this pair of bones, 
are tentatively assigned to the genus Clupalosa. 
They have the posterior pair of supramaxillaries 
