Liagoropsis — Doty and Abbott 
447 
lected over a 0.25 hectare area. About 1 liter of 
specimens was preserved with strong formalin 
on the spot. It may be added, in passing, that 
Boergesen’s (1909) materials came from a 
similar habitat. 
The Philippine material on which the de- 
scriptive paragraphs above were written con- 
sists of herbarium sheets of the collection bear- 
ing the senior author’s number 16954. The 
specimen deposited in the Bishop Museum her- 
barium in Honolulu, Hawaii, is presented here 
as Figure 3. Portions of the same collection, but 
not parts of the same thallus, are being distrib- 
uted to the herbaria of the University of the 
Philippines, Hopkins Marine Station, Hokkaido 
University, Kagoshima University, Museum of 
Natural History (Paris), Copenhagen Univer- 
sity, Lund University, University of California 
(Berkeley), Adelaide University, and Madras 
University. 
OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED (Table 1): the 
type of Helminth ocladia schrammi (Paris); 
specimens of Boergesen (Botanical Museum, 
Copenhagen) under the name of Nemalion 
schrammi; the type of Nemalion longicolle (Bo- 
tanical Museum, Copenhagen ) ; the type and 
cotype of Liagoropsis maxima (Y. Yamada’s 
herbarium, Sapporo, Hokkaido); the specimen 
of Williams (Duke University, Durham, N. C.) 
from Brazil as Nemalion schrammi; specimens 
of Desikachary (University of Madras) from 
Tuticorin and of Krishnamurthy and Subraman- 
yan (University of Madras) from the Andaman 
Islands. There seem to be no specifically signifi- 
cant or consistent reproductive or vegetative 
differences between these materials. 
Boergesen (1915) distinguished the more 
slender species, N. longicolle, on the basis of the 
solitary central or terminal position of the car- 
pogonial branch from the broader species, N. 
schrammi, where he found the carpogonial 
branches to be both terminal and otherwise. Our 
study leads us to believe that the vegetative 
morphological differences and the carpogonial 
branch differences between these two species 
may be due to age. 
The Philippine collection may be divided 
into thalli of two sorts on the same basis used 
by Boergesen (1915) for distinguishing Ne- 
malion schrammi and N. longicolle . The coarser 
of the two (as in N. schrammi) was whiter 
( more calcified ) when alive; now dry, it is more 
yellow or brown in color, the axes are usually 
about 1.5 cm, but up to 3.3 cm, broad on the 
herbarium sheets. The surface is more strongly 
reticulate (i.e., the reticula are morphologically 
distinguishable ) . The more delicate form of the 
two was pinker (less calcified) when alive; now 
dry, it is still the pinker in color, the axes are 
only rarely over 1.0 cm broad; and the surface 
is more aereolate than reticulate ( i.e., the reticu- 
lum is distinguished predominately by color). 
Boergesen (1915) does not mention calcifi- 
cation and, indeed, basing his studies on exsic- 
cati of previously wet-preserved materials, clas- 
sified his two species as members of Nemalion, 
a genus generally considered to be noncalcare- 
ous. Neither Maze and Schramm nor Agardh 
mention liminess. After decalcification our own 
quite limy specimens strongly resembled the 
specimens of Boergesen’s taxotype. 7 Boergesen’s 
specimens produced some gas when we put 
strong hydrochloric acid on them. 
7 The term "taxotype” is employed by the present 
authors to designate a specimen used by an individual 
as either typical of a taxon or as the element in the 
taxon to which other elements are compared. It is, 
thus, a standard for taxonomic purposes, rather than 
a nomenclatural standard for application of priority 
by means of the type method. 
FIGS. 5—14. Reproductive structures of Liagoropsis schrammi, drawn with the aid of a camera lucida from 
the various collections studied. The sizes are indicated by the index lines provided for the different figures. 
In general no attempt was made to indicate pit connections or the thickness of the gel or wall material sur- 
rounding the cytoplasts. Fig. 5, Spermatangial clusters, with a dotted line to indicate the outer limit of the 
gelatinous walls around the individual spermatangia. In spreading the spermatangia sufficiently to show some 
of their relationship to the stalks bearing them, several were broken away from the cluster and lost. (Type 
specimen of Liagoropsis maxima Yamada.) Figs. 6, 7, Monocarpogonial cortical branch systems bearing carpo- 
gonial branches, as well as spermatangial clusters. A rhizoid (rh) is shown at the base of the cortical system 
near the medullary (med) strands. Respectively, M. Doty nos. 19687 and 16954. Figs. 8—14, Gonimoblast 
development as generally found in all collections. Respectively, M. Doty no. 16954; cotype of Liagoropsis 
maxima; M. Doty no. 16954; M. Doty no. 16954; type of Nemalion schrammi; cotype of Liagoropsis maxima, 
and type of Nemalion longicolle [Boergesen no. 1614b]. 
