ELEPHANT. 
115 
his buttocks, and made fast on each side to the girth 
and crupper, so as to confine the motion of his 
thighs, and prevent his taking a full step. These 
smaller ropes being properly adjusted, a couple of 
large cables (the dools) with running nooses are put 
around his neck ; and after being drawn moderately 
tight, the nooses are secured from running closer, 
and then tied to the ropes on each side, forming 
the girth and crupper already mentioned ; and thus 
all these ropes are connected and kept in their 
proper places, without any risk of the nooses of the 
dools becoming tight, so as to endanger the life of 
the elephant in his exertions to free himself. The 
ends of the secables are made fast to two koomkees , 
one on each side of the goondah, by a couple of 
turns round the belly, close to the shoulder, like a 
girth, where a turn is made ; and it is then carried 
across the chest and fastened to the girth on the op- 
posite side. Every thing being now ready, and a 
passage cleared from the jungle, all the ropes are 
taken from his legs, and only the tooman remains 
round his buttocks to confine the motion of his 
hind-legs ; the koomkees pull him forwards by the 
dools , and the people from behind urge him on. 
Instead of advancing in the direction they wish, he 
attempts to retreat further into the jungle; he ex- 
erts all his force, falls down, and tears the earth 
with his tusks, screaming and groaning, and by his 
violent exertions often hurts and bruises himself 
very much ; and instances happen of their surviving 
these violent exertions only a few hours, or at most 
I 2 
