THE FAIRY MARTIN. 
189 
prevent the weasel or stoat from tearing the nest away from 
below, and so catching the young birds, but this is mere conjec- 
ture. Even the muddy lining does not repel all such attacks, 
for I once knew a dog that was in the habit of searching for 
nests of both these birds, and of eating the eggs and the young. 
He always obtained his prey by getting under the nest, biting 
out the bottom, and receiving the contents in his mouth. 
The curious flask-shaped nests which are seen i'n the illustra- 
tion are built wholly of clay and mud, and are made by a 
beautiful little Australian bird, named the Fairy Martin 
{Hirundo Ariel), closely allied, as its generic name signifies, to 
the swallows and martins of our own country. The bird is 
spread over the whole of Southern Australia, where it arrives in 
August, and whither it departs in September. 
These remarkable nests are generally to be found upon rocks, 
and are always close to rivers, but have never been seen within 
many miles of the sea. Sometimes, however, the bird chooses 
another locality, and, instead of fixing its nests to the side of 
a rock, attaches them to the interior of one of the huge hollow 
trees which are so common in Australia. Now and then it 
behaves like the martin of England, and builds its nest under 
the protection of human habitations. 
The shape of the nests always resembles that of a flask or 
retort, and their size is extremely variable, the length of the 
spouts, or necks, being from seven to ten inches, and the dia 
ameter of the bulb varying from four to seven inches. Mr. Gould 
mentions, in his work on the Birds of Australia, that each nest 
is the joint work of several birds, six or seven being sometimes 
employed upon one nest, one sitting in the interior, as chief 
architect, arranging and smoothing the material, while the others 
go off in search of mud and clay, which they knead well in 
their mouths before applying it to the nest. 
As is generally the case with clay which is thus kneaded, it 
becomes very hard when baked in the sun, but, at the same 
time, is rather slow in drying. When the weather is dry, the 
bird can only work in the mornings and evenings, because 
