36 Willis. — The Flora of Stewart Island ( New Zealand ) : 
New Zealand as a whole the wides show a rarity of 3-7, those that occur in 
Stewart show 1-7. As each unit of rarity represents 120 miles, this means 
that they range (in New Zealand) on the average 240 miles farther. 
Similarly the species endemic to New Zealand and the islands show 2-2 for 
Stewart against 2*9 1 for New Zealand as a whole, and the species endemic 
to New Zealand only show 3*2 against 6*5. In other words, they range on 
an average 796 miles against 400, and even exceed in their range the 
average wide of New Zealand as a whole, which ranges only 736 miles. 
This is a feature which is quite impossible of explanation by aid of the 
doctrine of Natural Selection. 
(6) As the ferns are probably older, Stewart should have proportion- 
ately more of them than New Zealand proper, but one must remember that 
the question of the ferns is complicated by the probability — amounting to 
practical certainty — that new wides may continue to arrive long after the 
barrier interposed by the sea has become practically impassable to more 
than a very few Angiosperms (8, p. 340). 
Table IX, 
Endemic to New Zealand Ende 7 nic to New 
and Islands. Zealand only. 
Ferns. Angiosperms . Ferns. Angiosperms. Ferns . Angiosperms. 
New Zealand 92 301 12 98 24 902 
Stewart 39,0142% in, or 36% 8, or 66 % 63, or 64 % 10,0141% 124, or 13% 
All the figures for ferns are higher than for Angiosperms, though there 
is considerable difference among them. The difference, however, is most 
marked in the New Zealand endemics, as would be expected. 
(7) Stewart Island possesses 10 species endemic to itself alone, and 
found nowhere else. As on the whole, as we have already pointed out, the 
largest families in New Zealand will be the oldest, we shall expect these 
endemics to belong to them (and cf. Appendix, p. 42). 
Table X. 
Family (in order of size 
Species in 
Species in 
Endemics. 
f Olearia Traillii 
Raoulia Goyeni 
in New Zealand ).^ 
New Zealand. 
Stewart. 
j 
1. Compositae 
203 
44 1 
1 Cotula Traillii 
Abrotanella muscosa 
^ Senecio Stewartii 
2. Cyperaceae 
117 
34 
Carex longiculmis 
3. Scrophulariaeeae 
109 
9 
JJ 
4. Gramineae 
97 
30 
Danthonia pungens 
5. Orchidaceae 
57 
21 
Ligusticum flabellatum 
6. Umbelliferae 
54 
11 
}) 
7. Ranunculaceae 
45 
8 
Ranunculus Kirkii 
8. Rubiaceae 
43 
13 
y> 
9. Onagraceae 
3 i 
8 
y y 
10. Epacridaceae 
28 
10 
Dracophyllum Pearsoni 
Total 10 families 
784 species 
188 species 
10 species 
1 For the reason why these species are more common than the average of the wides, see 7 , 
P- 33i. 
