The Floras of the Outlying Islands of New Zealand 
and their Distribution. 
/Jr 1 " 1811 
BY 
AUC: 
J. C. WILLIS, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., 
European Correspondent of the Botanic Garden , Rio de Janeiro. 
With two Maps and twenty-one Tables in the Text. 
I N this paper I shall deal chiefly with the smaller islands that lie at some 
distance from New Zealand, but on the same submarine plateau, 
especially with the Kermadecs, Chathams, and Aucklands, following up 
the work on the taxonomic distribution of the New Zealand flora given in 
a series of preceding papers (6 to 11). In one of these (8) I have already shown 
that one may prophesy, with the 
aid of age and area, that the plants 
that reach these islands will on the 
whole be the oldest, and therefore 
the most widespread, in New Zea- 
land, and find, on examination of 
the facts, that the prophecy is com- 
pletely borne out. 
My authority for the floras 
continues to be in the main Cheese- 
man’s New Zealand Flora (2), sup- 
plemented by his later lists in 
Chilton’s * Subantarctic Islands ’ (3), 
and by Cockayne’s lists (4). As 
I have already pointed out, the 
detailed completion of a flora 
makes but slight differences in the 
final result. This was very strikingly shown in the additions to the 
Ceylon flora made in a short paper subsequently published (13), and in 
those to the flora of Stewart Island given in the appendix to my last 
paper (11). In neither instance was any serious difference made by the 
addition in the one case of no, in the other of 71, further species. By 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. XXXIII. No. CXXXI. July, 1919.] 
X 
New Zealand and outlying islands. The dotted 
line is the 1,000 fathom limit. 
