New Zealand and their Distribution . 
281* 
proof, that herbs may range more rapidly than trees and shrubs, as indeed 
one is inclined to think must necessarily be the case. Eight of the 14 shrubs 
and trees reach the Chathams also, and only 17 of the 38 herbs, a fact 
which also points in the same direction, as it gives one to suppose that the 
former were opposite to the Chatham connexion at an earlier period than 
the latter. 
(25) Finally, many Kermadec species also reach the Chathams, as we 
have seen. Now if age be the chief determinant in distribution, we shall 
expect (cf. map-diagram 2) that those of these forms which belong to the chief 
northern invasion, supposed to centre in Auckland, will also reach Dunedin 
to the south, while those which do not may cease at a less distance from 
the North Cape. Examining the facts, we find that of the 29 species which 
the Kermadecs have in common with the Chathams, 26 range to Dunedin 
or farther south, whilst Piper excelsum reaches only to Banks Peninsula and 
Okarito, Corynocarpus laevigatus to Banks Peninsula and Westland, and 
Aciant hus Sinclair ii to Dun Mountain and Westport. All of these, we have 
seen above, may very probably be regarded as having entered New 
Zealand in the Kermadec invasion ; and it is also noteworthy that Coryno- 
carpus is a tree, which might have been early enough to reach the Chathams 
without perhaps travelling sufficiently fast to have reached so far south as 
some of the other forms also common to the Kermadecs and Chathams. 
There are 16 other Kermadec species which reach as far south as Coryno- 
carpus and do not reach the Chathams ; 13 of these are herbs, Melicytus 
ramijlorus and Panax arboreum are trees, and Coprosma Baueri is a shrub. 
The Auckland Islands. 
Turning now to the southern end of New Zealand for a while, let us 
look at the flora of the Aucklands and their surrounding inlands (the 
Antipodes, Campbell, and Macquarie). The first thing that strikes one is 
that though the Aucklands are subantarctic and the Kermadecs subtropical, 
the former have a much larger flora recorded, 1 19 species against 71. Of 
these 44 do not occur in New Zealand proper. 
As regards constitutional habit, the Aucklands contain only one tree 
(. Metrosideros lucid a), 11 shrubs, and 107 herbs. The last named thus 
form 90 per cent, of the total, against only 64 per cent, in the Kermadecs. 
Another feature of interest is the great proportion of Monocotyledons. 
To deal properly with this feature, we must briefly consider the distribution 
of Monocotyledons in New Zealand itself, though complete details must be 
left for subsequent papers. If we divide the main islands of New Zealand 
from north to south into zones of 100 miles, as has already been done upon 
several occasions (cf. 6, p. 444), and tabulate the species that occur in them, 
we get for the Monocotyledons : 
