New Zealand and their Distribution . 283 
which can be regarded as probably in reality ranging short of either end of 
New Zealand, and which are not either wrongly named or probably intro- 
duced, whilst it is obvious that any further discoveries of these species in 
new localities will go to make the original contention, that the wides in 
general range to one or the other end of New Zealand, nearer and nearer to 
the exact truth. In any case, as there are 179 Monocotyledon wides, it is 
clear that an ‘error’ of 8 is nothing very marked. 
Beginning with the orchids, we may probably regard as northern 
genera (inasmuch as their wides, where they do not range completely along 
New Zealand, usually begin at the north end) Dendrobium , Biilbophyllum , 
Earina , Sarcockilus , Spiranthes , Thelymitra , Orthoceras , Microtis , Cate ana, 
Acianthus , Cyrtostylis , Calochilus , and Gastrodia . Similarly we may regard 
Cordyline and Astelia in Liliaceae, Rhopalostylis in Palmae, Freycinetia in 
Pandanaceae, Kyllinga , Cyperus , Mariscus , Fimbristylis , Scirpus , Schoenus , 
Cladium , Lepidosperma , and Gahnia in Cyperaceae, and Imperata , Zoysia , 
P asp alum, Isachne , Oplismenus , Spinifex , Sporobolus , Dichelachne , Amphi - 
bromus , Bromus , and Agropyrum in Gramineae, as northern types. If now 
we take the zonal distribution of the species of these genera, and add them 
up, we get : 
Table XVII. 
■loom. 
-200 
-300 
-400 
-5°o 
-600 
-700 
-800 
-900 
-1000 
-1080 
Wides reaching islands 
14 
14 
T 4 
T 4 
15 
21 
•15 
13 
T 3 
13 
10 
Wides (N.Z. only) 
Endemic N.Z. and 
36 
32 
32 
30 
25 
1 7 
1 1 
5 
3 
3 
islands 
13 
13 
13 
14 
14 
T 4 
14 
12 
12 
12 
11 
Endemic N.Z. only 
28 
27 
29 
3 i 
24 
23 
19 
16 
H 
10 
6 
9i 
86 
88 
89 
77 
73 
65 
52 
44 
38 
30 
tapering markedly from north, to south. If now we subtract this table from 
Table XV, we get : 
Table XVIII. 
-100 m. 
-200 
-300 
-400 
-500 
-600 
-700 
-800 
-goo 
-1000 
-1080 
Wides reaching islands 
7 
7 
9 
9 
10 
11 
11 
13 
13 
16 
16 
Wides (N.Z. only) 
35 
36 
53 
54 
58 
59 
59 
58 
57 
53 
24 
Endemic N.Z. and 
islands 
9 
9 
10 
11 
13 
17 
17 
18 
J 9 
19 
19 
Endemic N.Z. only 
28 
36 
42 
50 
5*5 
77 
79 
82 
90 
76 
33 
79 
88 
114 
124 
i 37 
164 
166 
171 
! 7 9 
164 
92 
These figures clearly show that the supposition of two chief invasions 
of Monocotyledons is supported by the facts ; and it is probable that when 
our detailed knowledge of distribution in New Zealand reaches comparative 
perfection, we may be able to go into even greater detail. As it is, one or two 
genera, e. g. Scirpus or Schoenus , have wides beginning at both the north and 
the south ends of New Zealand, and ranging part way along the islands to the 
south or to the north. If these genera were regarded as having entered by 
Y 
