334 Clelcind . — The Cytology and Life-history of 
contents distributed in the nucleus, I have not been able to confirm. 
Appearances which might lead to such an interpretation I have only found 
in poorly fixed material. In such material the main part of the cell 
contents, usually including the nucleus, is massed at the distal end of the 
cell. If destaining is not carried quite far enough, some of the haemato- 
xylin will remain in this dense area while in the remainder of the cell it 
has become completely extracted. This corresponds to the condition 
interpreted by Wolfe as a broken-down chromatophore, the material from 
which becomes aggregated at the distal end of the cell, where at least part 
of it, he believed, passes into the nucleus. In perfectly-fixed material 
there is no indication of such a structure at any stage, the cytoplasm remain- 
ing perfectly smooth and even throughout. 
According to Wolfe, the food material thus brought into the nucleus 
rests for a time as a number of distinct granules in the nuclear cavity, but 
finally all passes into the nucleolus. When the sperm atium escapes, the 
granules are still to be seen, although the nucleus itself is in a resting con- 
dition. Kylin considers that the granules are in reality eight to ten 
chromosomes, and that after a short resting period a true prophase is entered 
upon, the nucleus being in this condition at the time when the spermatium 
is set free. With the exception of chromosome count, the observations of 
Kylin are correct. The nucleus is at first at rest, but usually by the time 
when the spermatium escapes it has entered a prophase condition showing 
six to eight lightly staining chromosomes (Fig. 18). » 
In most of the red algae so far studied the spermatium nucleus is in 
prophase at the time of its escape. This is true of P olysiphonia violacea 
(Yamanouchi, 1906), Rhodomela virgata (Kylin, 1914), Delesseria sanguinea 
(Svedelius, 1914), Scinaia furcellata (Svedelius, 1915), Griffithsia corallina 
(Kylin, 1916 a), and Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Kylin, 1916 b). 
Several antheridial cells may be developed in succession from the 
same point on the antheridial branch, and it is not uncommon to see several 
empty antheridial walls one inside another with a new antheridium 
developing within. 
One to several spermatia may fuse with a trichogyne (Figs. 30-24). 
At time of union the spermatium contains but one nucleus. Soon after 
fusion, however, the nucleus divides (Fig. 19), two male gamete nuclei being 
thus formed, both of which may pass into the trichogyne (Fig. 31). Wolfe 
and Kylin have both described and figured this division, but Kurssanow 
(1909) failed to find it. Division of the spermatium nucleus has been 
considered doubtful for Griffithsia Bornetiana by Lewis (1909), and is 
reported not to take place in P olysiphonia , Scinaia , or Griffithsia corallina . 
The presence of this division clearly shows, as Wolfe has pointed out, that 
the spermatium is, strictly speaking, the homologue of an antheridium. 
Only one male nucleus succeeds in entering the carpogonium, although 
