339 
Nemalion multifidum , Ag. 
body inside the nuclear membrane and appears to be in process of disin- 
tegration. The polar structures are broad, lightly staining, and show no 
signs of an aster. At anaphase, the members of the eight pairs of chromo- 
somes separate and pass as univalent chromosomes towards the poles of the 
spindle, where they become organized into the daughter nuclei. The 
w individual chromosomes fuse into a large irregular body which rounds up 
and becomes a chromatin nucleolus. The nuclear membrane is formed and 
the nucleolus becomes suspended in the nuclear cavity by radiating 
fibrillae. 
The two daughter nuclei thus formed lie one above the other in the 
now somewhat elongated carpogonium (Fig. 44). The chromatophore 
divides, one half passing upward, the other downward. A cell-wall is then 
cut in horizontally across the carpogonium, dividing it into an upper 
sporogenous and a lower hypogynous cell (Fig. 45). The hypogynous cell 
does not divide again, but the sporogenous cell gives rise to the gonimo- 
blastic filaments of the cystocarp. We generally expect, in connexion with 
reduction phenomena, to find that both of the nuclei formed as a result of 
the first or ‘ heterotypic * division divide again by what is known as the 
homotypic division, the end-product being a group of four reduced nuclei. 
In Nemalion , however, we find that the nucleus of the hypogynous cell as 
a rule remains undivided until disintegration finally takes place. Very 
exceptionally this nucleus does divide, and in one instance I have been able 
to confirm Wolfe’s observation of a vertical division of the hypogynous cell, 
suggesting that originally the full tetrad of reduced nuclei was formed. 
Such a tetrad is formed in Scinaia , as reported by Svedelius, although only 
one nucleus of the four remains functional. 
The nucleus of the sporogenous cell soon passes through a mitosis 
(Fig. 46), and a cell-wall is laid down vertically; cutting off a lateral 
segment. This process is repeated several times, with the result that a 
number of cells are cut off laterally around the central sporogenous cell 
(Figs. 47, 48). Each of these lateral cells gives rise to a gonimoblastic 
filament which becomes branched in the manner typical of vegetative 
growth. When mature, each filament consists of a series of three or four 
cells, the terminal one of which develops into a carpospore (Text-fig. 3). 
When the carpospore is ready to be shed, the wall ruptures at the distal 
end and the protoplast escapes, leaving the empty wall attached to the 
filament. The growth of a filament does not stop with the shedding of the 
first spore, but a new cell is budded off within the empty shell (Fig. 49), 
which matures into a spore and escapes, leaving a second empty shell. 
Proliferation, as described by Wolfe, may in this manner continue through- 
out the growing season. The spore when first shed is elliptical, but it soon 
rounds up. 
All through the development of the gonimoblastic filament, the 
