47i 
Carter . — The Cytology of the Cladophoraceae. 
of the branches the parietal layer of chloroplast is often more or less 
coarsely reticulated. Numerous small free plates such as those described 
by Schmitz (1882) have never been observed during this work, except in 
the case of a form of Cladophora which had been kept indoors in abnormal 
conditions for several weeks and was obviously in very bad condition. 
This observation supports those of Brand (1901), who also expressed the 
opinion that this condition of the chloroplast was not normal. 
The small outgrowths described by Wille (1901), projecting from the 
external surface of the chloroplast in Rhizoclonium riparium , have never 
c, Ch. Liniim , (Muell.) Kiitz. Longitudinal section, x 51c. pp , protoplasm. 
been observed in any of the species examined during this work Nor is it 
likely that their absence was due to the process of fixation, since quite 
similar structures have been well preserved in Desmids which were subjected 
to the same treatment. The chloroplast was found in every species to be 
closely applied to the interior of the cell-wall and its external surface was 
always quite smooth (Figs. 1-8 ; Text-figs. 1 and 2). 
Sections revealed the fact that the chloroplast, as has already been stated 
by Schmitz (1879, 1882), is not always confined to the periphery of the cell, 
M m 2 
