40 
scale intrusion of water of subantarctic origin 
into coastal-subtropical waters at Station 138. 
Thus the planktonic occurrences accord with 
the influences bearing at that point. 
Occurrences of zooplankton at other sta- 
tions could be individually discussed, and ra- 
tional explanations of the presence or absence 
of groups can be advanced for many of them, 
but the detailed picture that results is a con- 
fused one. The waters are very mixed. The 
distributions of the species’ groups are to an 
extent reflecting this state, which is aggra- 
vated by the long period over which sam- 
pling continued. 
It is reasonable to deduce, from the physical 
data presented in Figures 11 and 12, that there 
is some influence from water of subtropical 
origin in Foveaux Strait. The presence of 
typically Subtropical species is supporting 
evidence. More conclusive evidence for the 
influence is demonstrated, however, from the 
distributions of the Subtropical species in the 
T-S-P diagrams (Figs. 8, 10, in particular). 
The occurrences of these species coincide 
with the distribution of the warmest waters 
which are in such a position as to be contrib- 
uted to directly from the subtropical mass 
(Figs. 3, 10). Subtropical species were col- 
lected also at stations in later series (Stations 
178, 199, 239, 292, 304); these occurrences 
are indicative of coastwise extension of the 
subtropical influence. 
Series 2, Stations 159 to 192; 29.1.51 to 1.11.51 
The stations of Series 2 (excepting along 
the coast of South Island) are eastward of, 
and a little further to seaward than, those in 
Series 1 (Figs. 1, 13). Cooler temperatures 
than those in Series 1 prevail along the coast 
of South Island, and there is a broad intrusion 
of cool water (Fig. 13) from the south and 
east. There is, too, an admixture of high sa- 
linity water throughout the sampled area (Fig. 
14). A northwest to southeast displacement 
of the isolines about Stations 189 and 190, 
eastward of Steward Island, suggests that 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XIII, January 1959 |: 
warm, high salinity water is present, possibly | 
from Foveaux Strait. 
Very common occurrences of Northern and 
Southern Subantarctic groups of species at i 
Stations 187, 188, 189, 190, and 192 are be- ' 
lieved to be indicative of a strong influence 
from water of subantarctic origin (Figs. 7, 10). 
Common occurrences of Coastal species at 
Stations 189 and 190 point as well to mixing 
between the coastal and subantarctic waters 
about these stations, and also suggest that 
the high salinity water extending from Pat- 
terson Inlet does in fact originate there, and 
is not an intrusion from other oceanic sources. 
The occurrences of the planktonic groups in 
relation to the geographic distributions of 
water properties (Figs. 13, 14) provide a 
similar picture. Stations 189 and 190 lie on 
the southwest side of the intruding low- 
temperature water. Mixing is undoubtedly 
taking place about these stations between 
this and the warm, saline Straits water. The 
collections of mixed planktonic groups con- 
firm this. Stations 187, 188, 191, and 192 are 
closely associated with the intruding cool 
water (Fig. 13), which the predominance of 
Subantarctic species indicates is of subant- 
arctic origin. 
Stations 178 and 165 lie in high salinity, 
warm inshore water (Figs. 13, 14), and the 
Coastal and Subtropical species at both sta- 
tions are in agreement with this. In addition, 
mixing with subantarctic water is indicated 
for Station 178 by the Subantarctic species 
occurring there. The regularity of the isolines 
in the vicinity of the station denotes that the 
waters are mixed, which agrees with Station 
178 being (together with Stations 138, 135, 
and 130, Series 1) in that portion of the 
T-S-P diagram (Fig. 10) representing mixing 
of waters on a minor scale. 
Stations 187 to 192 are moderately sepa- 
rated geographically, but their grouping in 
the T-S-P diagram demonstrates a certain 
homogeneity of environmental conditions. 
The diagram heightens the effect that coastal 
water has on the composition of the plankton 
